Characterization of graphene immune-impacts through omics approaches and genotoxic analysis

石墨烯是最有前途的、通用的、可持续的关键纳米技术，它可能在不久的将来为材料科学和医学的许多领域带来解决方案。然而，由于石墨烯的物理化学性质和反应性，其与生物系统的潜在相互作用引起了公众对人类健康和环境风险的关注。独立于任何特定目的，未来转化应用的关键步骤是评估石墨烯对免疫系统的影响。在任何类型的暴露之后，纳米材料都会立即接触到生物体的免疫细胞。因此，免疫细胞反应的研究是石墨烯用于治疗和诊断应用的安全开发的一个里程碑。G-IMMUNOMICS的总体目标是用核心项目未涵盖的免疫基因组学和蛋白质组学数据补充石墨烯安全性的旗舰研究。G-IMMUNOMICS将为几种类型的石墨烯的免疫影响提供新的见解，为石墨烯的安全使用和石墨烯技术未来在医学上的转移奠定基础。具体目标是：1。生产具有不同横向尺寸和适当功能化的高度稳定和分散的原始和功能化石墨烯家族材料（GFMs） 2。通过高通量功能性免疫基因组学和蛋白质组学方法进行表征，并通过基因毒性试验对不同细胞系和原代细胞诱导的免疫细胞反应进行表征。评价GFMs对人、小鼠、猪和蠕虫四种不同物种的免疫细胞反应。G-IMMUNOMICS与旗舰在3级集成-科学。正在与旗舰的许多合作伙伴进行合作；特别是，该项目将与WP2旗舰目标协同作用。该项目将：1)扩大免疫细胞类型的范围，研究各种各样的种群和物种；2)实施大规模组学研究方法分析（基因组学和蛋白质组学）；3)通过分析新材料对不同生物的遗传毒性作用，参与新材料环境影响评估。——操作。由于以下原因，本工作计划建立在与FLAGSHIP的深度联系之上：1)利用WP1和WP10开发的综合协议FLAGSHIP；2)旗舰WP2和WP10合作伙伴提供的GFMs测试；3)使用Flagship WP2提供的人类离体和小鼠体内样本进行基因组学、蛋白质组学和遗传毒性分析。——传播。项目期间取得的成果将在工作组会议和全体大会期间与旗舰合作伙伴分享，以促进石墨烯知识的转移。结果：g -免疫组学研究可能概述与GFMs暴露相关的潜在致病生物标志物（基因、mirna和蛋白质），评估其总体安全性，并确定适合未来医学开发的高度生物相容性GFMs。

Graphene is the most promising, versatile, sustainable key enabling nanotechnology which may bring solutions in the near future to many areas spanning materials science and medicine.However, the potential interactions of graphene with biological systems deriving from its physico-chemical properties and reactivity are raising public concern on risks for human health and environment. Independently from any specific purpose, a critical step for future translational applications is represented by the assessment of graphene impact on the immune system. Following any type of exposures, nanomaterials immediately contact the organism immune cells. Hence the investigation of the immune cell reactions is a milestone for the safe exploitation of graphene for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.The overall objective of G-IMMUNOMICS is to complement Flagship research on graphene safety with immunogenomic and proteomic data, not covered by the Core Project. G-IMMUNOMICS will provide new insights on the immune impact of several types of graphene to lay the basis for a safe use of graphene and the graphene technology future transfer in medicine. The specific objectives are:1. Produce highly stable and dispersible pristine and functionalized graphene family materials (GFMs) with different lateral size and appropriate functionalizations2. Characterize by high throughput functional immunogenomics and proteomics approaches and genotoxic assays the immune cell response induced by GFMs on different cell lines and primary cells3. Evaluate the immune cell response induced by GFMs on four different species: human, mouse, pig and worm.G-IMMUNOMICS integrates with the FLAGSHIP at 3 levels- Scientific. collaborations are ongoing with many partners of the Flagship; in particular the project will synergize with the WP2 Flagship objectives. The project will: 1) extend the range of immune cell types investigated with a wide variety of populations and species; 2) implement large scale OMICS research approaches assays (genomics and proteomics); 3) take part in assessment of the environmental impact of new materials by analysing the genotoxic effect on different organisms.- Operational. The work plan builds on deep connections with the FLAGSHIP, due to: 1) exploitation of synthesis protocol Flagship developed by WP1 and WP10; 2) testing of GFMs provided by Flagship WP2 and WP10 partners; 3) usage of human ex vivo and mouse in vivo samples for genomic, proteomic and genotoxic analysis provided by Flagship WP2.- Dissemination. The results gained during the project will be shared with Flagship partners during WP meetings and general assemblies in order to boost the transfer of knowledge achieved on graphene.Outcomes: G-IMMUNOMICS research may outline potential pathogenic biomarkers (genes, miRNAs and proteins) associated with GFMs exposure, assess their overall safety profile and identify highly biocompatible GFMs suitable for future medical exploitation.