Local labour markets: The causes and consequences of spatial differences in labour market outcomes across cities in France and Germany

本研究项目考虑了法国和德国的当地劳动力市场，并考察了当地劳动力市场结果差异的原因和后果。为什么工人的收入、公司工人的生产率和住房成本在巴黎和曼海姆之间表现出如此巨大的差异？该研究项目将在一项以理论为主导的实证调查中，使用法国和德国的行政微观数据集（DADs和LIAB），系统和全面地检查当地劳动力市场各方的作用：企业寻求利用城市中心企业的近距离带来的生产力收益的行为；权衡工资、就业概率和住房成本的工人选址决策这些经济力量的相互作用导致了空间平衡。然后，我们打开企业的黑箱，研究这些力量如何导致特定的组织结构，并与企业的贸易开放相互作用。此外，我们深入研究了区域内工人的再配置，重点关注通过分类工人-企业匹配进行调整的障碍。因此，该研究项目提供了对当地劳动力市场外部性的全面分析。这有助于我们更好地理解空间乘数，并使我们能够回答一个关键的公共政策问题：鉴于地区之间有时在失业率和工资水平方面存在巨大差异，什么是最佳的政策回应？

This research project considers local labour markets in France and Germany, and examines the causes and consequences of differences in local labour market outcomes. Why do earnings of workers, firm-worker productivity, and housing costs exhibit such enormous differences between, say, Paris or Mannheim? This research project will systematically and comprehensively examine, in a theory-led empirical investigation using French and German administrative micro-datasets (DADs and LIAB), the roles of each side of the local labour market: the behaviour of firms seeking to harness the gains in productivity stemming from the close proximity of firms in urban centres; the location decision of workers who trade-off wages, employment probabilities, and housing costs; and the interaction of these economic forces that lead to a spatial equilibrium. We then open the black box of the firm, and investigate how these forces lead to particular organisation structures, and interact with trade openness of firms. Moreover, we study in depth the reallocation of workers within regions, focusing on hurdles for adjustment through assortative worker-firm matching. The research project thus provides a comprehensive analysis of externalities in local labour markets. This contributes to a better understanding of spatial multipliers and will enable us to answer a key public policy question: in view of the sometimes substantial disparities between localities in terms of unemployment rates and wage levels, what is an optimal policy response?