Consistent control design for the coordination of distributed actors in a multilayered integrated gridsystem

本项目的目标是从整个系统的角度为混合电力能源系统的分布式控制策略的设计和分析开发方法。要做到这一点，我们将建立在分层控制，复杂网络科学和非线性动力学的方法组合。 我们的最终目标是能够解决的结构和控制问题，跨越多个层次和时间尺度的混合动力系统，并能够做到这一点与一些一般性。回答这些问题的能力在未来的电网中将变得至关重要，因为从集中的传统发电转向分散的间歇性能源。 一方面，平衡间歇性的可再生能源进料和当地的负荷过于昂贵。 因此，为了实现经济的能源转型，需要扩展输电系统。这种额外的传输容量将部分采取高压直流线路的形式，导致混合动力系统。 另一方面，控制系统和提供辅助服务的参与者（例如，需求侧管理控制、存储、电动汽车）将移动到较低的电网级别。这将启用并需要分散的、本地控制的子网络，即所谓的微电网。在微网格边界划分系统的能力将潜在地提高对传输层故障的恢复能力，以及通过防止级联在相邻网络中的恢复能力。与此同时，这极大地改变了控制问题，并提出了需要专用通信基础设施的问题。 增加全球传输的需求和控制系统的本地分散代理之间的紧张关系，在电力系统控制的设计中引入了一个深层次的结构。 在这种背景下出现的问题本质上是新颖的。例如，在一个示例中，组织单位的最佳规模是多少，微电网？这个尺寸本身是静态的还是动态的？我们的工作的概念和方法的性质，结合hiphilical控制概念和抽样为基础的方法，分析整体系统，将允许结果的应用到不同的地理环境，不同的发展基础设施。我们将不仅能够回答关于从大宗化石燃料发电向工业化经济体中增加可再生能源供给的转变的问题，而且能够回答与其他地方发生的多层混合动力系统相关的问题。例如，还可以利用本项目内将制定的方法框架，研究全球南方农村地区自下而上的电气化办法，即从独立的以家庭为基础的电能系统开始，逐步发展到有机增长的能源交易配电网络，最终与输电网络相连接。

The objective of this project is to develop methods for the design andanalysis of distributed control strategies for hybrid electricalenergy systems from the perspective of the overall system. To do so wewill build on a combination of methods from hierarchical control,complex network science and nonlinear dynamics. Our ultimate aim isto be able to address questions on structure and control that spanmultiple layers and time scales of hybrid power systems, and be ableto do so with some generality. The ability to answer such questionswill become crucial in the future power grid due to a combination offactors that arise from moving from central conventional generation todecentral, intermittent energy sources. On the one hand, balancingintermittent renewable infeed and load on a local level is overlyexpensive. Thus, extended transmission systems will be needed for aneconomic energy transition. Such additional transmission capacity willpartly take the form of high voltage DC lines, leading to hybrid powersystems. On the other hand, the actors (e.g, demand side managementcontrol, storage, electric vehicles) that control the system andprovide auxiliary services will move to lower grid levels. This willenable and require decentralized, locally controlled subnetworks, so calledmicrogrids. The ability to partition the system at microgridboundaries will potentially improve the resilience against failures inthe transmission level as well as in neighboring networks bypreventing cascades. At the same time, this changes the controlproblem dramatically, and raises the question for the need ofdedicated communication infrastructure. The tension between the needfor increased global transmission and local, decentralized agents tocontrol the system introduces a deep hierarchy into the design of thecontrol of the electrical power system. The questions that arise inthis context are novel in nature. E.g., what is the optimal size of theorganizational units, i.e., the microgrids? Is this size static ordynamic itself? The conceptual and methodological nature of our work, combininghierarchical control concepts and sampling based methods for analyzingoverall systems, will allow for the application of results to differentgeographical contexts, with differently developed infrastructure. Wewill be able to not only answer questions regarding the transformationfrom bulk fossil-fueled power generation towards increasing renewableinfeed in industrialized economies, but also questions pertinent tomulti-layer hybrid systems that occur elsewhere. For example, abottom-up electrification approach in rural areas of the global southstarting from stand-alone household-based electrical energy systemstowards organically growing distribution networks for energy trading,eventually coupled to a transmission network, can also be studied,using the methodological framework to be developed within thisproject.