History of World Refugee Policy, 1950-1973

直到20世纪70年代，国际社会将难民问题视为一种特殊的紧急情况，主要限于欧洲；而不是一个持续的世界性问题。1950年至1970年间，一项全球性的国际难民政策才逐渐形成。考察这种变化是如何、为什么以及在什么情况下发生的，是本研究项目的主要重点。作为第一步，该项目总结了在两次世界大战之间和第二次世界大战后启动对难民的国际援助的第一个重要政治步骤。然后，分析了有助于形成制度化世界难民政策的四个重要历史时刻：难民署的发展阶段和1949年和1950年的《日内瓦难民公约》；1957-1960年阿尔及利亚难民危机期间难民援助的普遍性；1959-1967年《纽约议定书》；1971-1973年难民署在孟加拉国的国际实践，当时难民署第一次作为协调组织，帮助组织了1000多万人的遣返。这就是联合国难民事务高级专员公署获得其作为国际社会中央难民组织的国际地位的时候。

Until the 1970s, the international community approached the refugee issue as a sort of singular, exceptional emergency case, mainly limited to Europe; not a continuing world problem. A global international refugee policy only emerged gradually, between 1950 and 1970. Examining how, why and under which circumstances this change occurred is the main focus of this research project. As a first step, the project sums up the first important political steps that initiated the international aid towards refugees during the interwar period and the postwar period after World War II. The analysis then focuses on four important historical moments that helped to shape the development of an institutionalized world refugee policy: the developmental phase of the UNHCR and the Geneva Refugee Convention in 1949 and 1950; the Universalization of Refugee aid during the Algeria Refugee Crisis from 1957-1960; the New York Protocol from 1959-1967 and the international practice of the UNHCR in Bangladesh from 1971-1973, when the UNHCR served as focal point organization for the first time, helping organize the repatriation of over 10 million people. This is when the UNHCR attained the international status it has kept through today, as the world community's central refugee organization.