Improved path guidance of feed drive axes by means of an inertia-based momentum actuator at the machine table (IMPULS)

机床中的进给驱动器通过执行编程的运动序列在刀具和工件之间创建相对路径。典型的要求是以恒定的路径速度将给定的几何图形保持在给定的公差限制内。然而，有限的电机功率和机器的结构顺应性要求限制加速和急速。因此，包含速度步长的剖面不能用恒定的路径速度来规划。在研究项目的第一个资助期内，研究了一种克服这些限制的混合方法。基于惯性的致动器安装在机床工作台上，并通过机械冲击将定义的脉冲传输到工作台。这允许进给速度的突然变化，而对结构部件的反作用力可以忽略不计。在第一步中，最初是在具有直线直接驱动的十字台的一个轴上实施。在第二个资助期的过程中，概念将转移到第二个轴，这将允许在先前的研究之外提出新的问题，例如使用脉冲致动器运行时对另一个轴的影响或具有明显更大质量的应用。对于正在进行的研究，第二个更重的轴上的机械结构因此将由脉冲执行器扩展，现有的设置点生成和控制将被适应，仿真模型将与真实的试验台进行调整。除了在新的更重的轴上验证概念外，重点将放在多轴操作上，在多轴操作中将实现实际的拐角轮廓。此外，除了单个轴的跟踪误差外，还可以分析和优化目标轮廓的实际路径偏差。

Feed drives in machine tools create relative paths between tool and workpiece by executing a programmed motion sequence. Typical requirements are to keep the given geometry within a given tolerance limit at constant path velocity. However, limited motor power and structural compliance of the machines require a limitation of accelerationand jerk. Profiles that include velocity steps therefore cannot be planned with constant path velocity.Within the first funding period of the research project a hybrid approach to overcome such limitations was investigated. An inertia-based actuator is attached to a machine table and transmits a defined impulse to the table by mechanical impacts. This allows abrupt changes of the feed rate with negligible reaction force on the structural components. In the first step, the implementation was initially carried out on one axis of a cross table with linear direct drives.Within the course of the second funding period, the concept is to be transferred to the second axis, which will allow new questions to be posed in addition to the previous investigations, such as the effects on the other axis in operation with impulse actuators or an application with significantly larger masses. For ongoing research, the mechanical structure in the second, heavier axis is therefore to be extended by an impulse actuator, the existing setpoint generation and control are to be adapted and the simulation model is to be adjusted with the real test rig. In addition to the validation of the concept on the new, heavier axis, the focus will be on multi-axis operation, in which the actual corner profile will be realized. Furthermore, in addition to the tracking error of the individual axis, the actual path deviation from the target profile can be analyzed and optimized.