Development on the Instrument Simultaneously Measuring Accommodation, Vergence and Pupil size of the Human eye

人眼的调节、收敛和瞳孔运动是相互关联的，这种现象被称为三联系统，它对输入准确的视觉信息起着重要的作用。这个项目的目的是开发一个实用的系统，在这个系统中，调节、聚光和瞳孔大小可以同时动态地测量。为了同时动态地测量上述三种运动，我们研究了在汇聚或发散时测量眼睛调节的机制。为了解决这个问题，我们必须使验光计的光轴与人眼的视觉轴重合。为此，我们设计了一种用电光法检测眼球运动的仪器，并通过闭环电光伺服系统补偿光轴和视轴之间的差值。通过这种仪器，我们可以实际地测量辐合时的容差。我们称这个仪器为辐辏跟踪仪。在此基础上，研制了由视光计、散度跟踪仪和电动瞳孔计组成的系统。该系统的主要性能有：1。在眼球运动50度范围内，调节测量精度为0.4屈光度。2.辐辏跟踪的响应最大转速为100度/秒。利用该系统，我们同时测量了人眼在真实目标刺激条件下的三种反应。因此，本系统可作为眼科视功能检查的一种实用仪器。

Accommodation, vergence and pupil movement of the human eye are related to each other, and this phenomenon is called a triad system which plays an important role to input accurate visual informations.The purpose of this project is to develope a practical system, in which accommodation, vergence and pupil size are measured simultaneouly and dynamically.In order to measure the above three movements simultaneouly and dynamically, we had study the mechanism to measure accommodation of the eye during convergence or divergence.To solve this problem, we had to make coincide the optical axis of an optometer with the visual axis of the human eye. Therefore we designed an instrument which detects the eye movement with the electro-optical method and conpensates the difference between the optical axis and the visual axis by a closed-loop electro-optical servo-system. By this instrument we could practically measure accommodation during vergence. We call this instrument a vergence tracking instrument.And then we developed the system, which was consisted of optometer, vergence tracking instrument and electric pupilometer. The main perfomances of this system were;1.The accuracy of accommodation measurement was 0.4 diopters within a range of 50 degree of eye movement. 2.The response of vergence tracking had a maximum rotary rate of 100 degree/sec.Using this system,we has simultaneouly measured the three responses of the human eye binocularly in condition of the real target stimuli. Therefore we concluded that this system could be a useful apparatus for examination of visual function in ophthalomology in future.