Freedom - Morality- Politics: Practical Philosophy after Kant (1785-1800)

与康德《纯粹理性批判》之后的理论争论相反，康德《道德形而上学的奠基》及其《实践理性批判》之后的实践争论在学术上被忽视了。然而，正是通过对康德实践哲学的修改和改造，德国唯心主义的许多主要哲学家的主要思想才得以演变。该研究网络旨在从历史和系统两方面重建这场实践辩论。它旨在分析不太知名的哲学家如约翰·海因里希·阿比赫特、克里斯托夫·戈特弗里德·巴迪里、弗里德里希·卢德维希·鲍特韦克、莱昂哈德·克鲁泽、约翰·弗里德里希·弗拉特、卡尔·海因里希·海登瑞克、路德维希·海因里希·雅各布、赫尔曼·安德烈亚斯·皮斯托瑞斯、奥古斯特·威廉·雷赫伯格、卡尔·克里斯蒂安·施密德、哥特洛布·恩斯特·舒尔茨、克里斯蒂安·威廉·斯内尔和约翰·奥古斯特·海因里希·乌尔里希等对这场辩论的重要贡献。网络旨在重建实践辩论的三个维度：(1)实践的自由和道德缺陷：继康特的第一次和第二次批判之后，实践的自由和道德的不可推卸：(1)实践的自由和道德的不可否定性：继康特的第一次和第二次批判之后，莱昂纳多·莱昂霍尔德，约翰·戈特利希·费特，弗里德里希·席勒，早期的海格尔和谢林斯人们就如何设想意志的自由展开了激烈的辩论，考虑到自然规律对世界的整个决定，从而可以保留道德代理人的个人责任。(2)道德和道德动机的基础：这里出现的问题是，道德如何通过纯粹的理性来建立和认识。此外，这场辩论还涉及哪种道德激励最适合具体的人类状况的问题--无论是尊重、爱还是同情。(3)政治哲学和权利哲学：这场辩论集中在自由主体如何根据道德和司法法律在社会和国家中互动的问题。此外，这场辩论还关注道德和权利如何相互依存，以及如何从实践理性中推导出它们。

Contrary to the theoretical debate after Kant’s 'Critique of Pure Reason', the practical debate after Kant’s 'Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals' and his 'Critique of Practical Reason' has been neglected in scholarship. However, it is especially by modification and transformation of Kant’s practical philosophy that the main ideas of many major philosophers of German Idealism evolved. The research network aims at reconstructing this practical debate both historically and systematically. It aims at analyzing important contributions to this debate by lesser-known philosophers such as Johann Heinrich Abicht, Christoph Gottfried Bardili, Friedrich Ludewig Bouterweck, Leonhard Creuzer, Johann Friedrich Flatt, Karl Heinrich Heydenreich, Ludwig Heinrich Jakob, Hermann Andreas Pistorius, August Wilhelm Rehberg, Carl Christian Erhard Schmid, Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Christian Wilhelm Snell and Johann August Heinrich Ulrich, but also better known thinkers such as Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Salomon Maimon, Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Schiller, the early Hegel and Schelling.The network aims at reconstructing the following three dimensions of the practical debate:(1) Practical freedom and moral imputability:After Kant’s first and second Critique, there arose an intensive debate on how to conceive of freedom of the will given the entire determination of the world by the laws of nature so that the individual imputability of the moral agent can be preserved.(2) Foundation of morality and moral motivation:Here the question arises of how morality can be founded and cognized by pure reason. Also, the debate deals with the question of which kind of moral incentive be most adequate to the specific human condition – be it respect, love or compassion.(3) Political philosophy and philosophy of right:This debate focused on the question of how free agents interact in societies and states according to moral and juridical laws. Also, the debate is interested in the question of how morality and right depend on each other, and how they can be deduced from practical reason.