A General Purpose Hyper-Media System with Knowledge-Based Retrieval and Guidance

我们目前开发的CAFEKS （Computer-Assisted Free Exploration of Knowledge Structures，计算机辅助自由探索知识结构）可以被认为是一种通用的超媒体系统，通过对知识/问题的描述和推理，大大提高了检索和引导能力。在概念、知识单元和问题作为知识基础元素的认知学习过程中，我们发现，为了让学生有原则地使用领域知识，在感觉-运动刺激的呈现中，为学生提供应用实例是至关重要的，学生可以与这些实例互动，选择选项或修改/操纵情境，并使学生解释共性和差异。此外，任何知识如果不嵌入对其所处世界的描述中，就不可能得到充分的表现。因此，在CAFEKS中，知识是相对于一些定义媒体演示的上下文传达给学生的，并且有更多的人接受他/她的干预。选取了代数问题、电路理论、电磁学、Prolog编程、UNIX命令等作为示例域。一方面，原语系统已被开发为Prolog中这些领域的知识描述的组成部分。另一方面，我们利用x窗口工具准备了媒体隐喻表示的抽象组件对象。我们还设计了一个接口实用程序，使程序员能够在知识/问题对象中编写方法，以便结合媒体隐喻组件对象构建知识/问题的媒体隐喻表示。在这个方案中，学生能够描述他/她的问题，使系统能够模拟他/她设置下的情况，系统可以接受他/她的干预。利用知识驱动的仿真。功能：系统可以监控学生通过知识探索所做的讲解。少

CAFEKS (Computer-Assisted Free Exploration of Knowledge Structures), we have thus far developed, can be considered a kind of general purpose hypermedia system with its retrieval and guidance capability greatly enhanced by means of knowledge / problem description and inference based thereupon. In the course of the cognitive study of concepts, knowledge units and problems as knowledge-base elements, it has been revealed that, in order for the student to acquire principled use of domain kowledge, it is crucial to provide him/her with application instances in sensory-motor stimulative presentation with which he/she can interact to select options or modify / manipulate situations and make him/her explain the commons and differences. In addition any knowledge could not be fully represented without being embedded in a description of the world in which it plays its role. Thus in CAFEKS- knowledge is communicated to the student relative to some context defining media presentation and there are … More accepted his/her interventions as well.Word algebra problems, electrical circuit theory, electro-magnetics, programming in Prolog, UNIX command were chosen as sample domains. On the one hand systems of primitives have been developed as components of the knowledge descriptions in Prolog for these domains. On the other hand we prepared abstract component objects of media metaphor presentations utilizing X-window tools. And we have devised an interface utility enabling the programmer to write methods in the knowledge /problem objects for constructing media metaphor presentations of the knowledge / problem in combination of the media metaphor component objects. On this scheme the student is able to describe his/her problems, making the system to simulate the situations under his/her settings and the system can accept his/her interventions. Exploiting the knowledge-driven simulation. capabilities, the system can monitor the explanations made by the students by measns of knowledge exploration. Less