A Comparative Study on the Evacuation of School Children in Japan, United Kingdom, and Germany under the World War II.

本研究旨在积极、比较地了解二战期间英国（1939- 1945）、德国（KLV,1940- 1945）和日本（Gakudo Sokai, 1943- 1945）实施的学童疏散的特点。通过研究，我们得到了以下结论：1。大撤退是抗战期间为取得最后胜利而采取的民防政策之一。因此，国家和地方政府计划将市中心的孩子疏散到农村地区的原因是为了储备“未来的士兵”，避免失去人们因空袭造成的种族灭绝而产生的战斗精神。这些从来都不是“人文主义政策”的计划。由于各国的文化和社会因素不同，撤侨的情况和人数也不同。(1)联合王国：它早在1930年上半年就已经计划好了，因此它是用最民主的程序最仔细地运作的。许多民间志愿者协助政府官员进行工作。由于经常修改计划，造成了不少混乱。许多撤离者能够与他们的兄弟姐妹暂时住在农村的私人住宅里。这一评价使英国的文化和社会阶级差异公开化。因此，这对她在二战后的社会变革做出了贡献。​(3)日本：由于计划最晚，在没有充分准备的情况下进行了操作。为了维持家庭制度，在他们的职责范围内鼓励个人撤离。自1944年以来，学校规模的集体撤离是不可避免的。

This research was intended to make clear positively and comparatively the characteristics of evacuation of school children during the World War II,enforced in United Kingdom (1939-45), Germany (KLV,1940-45), and Japan (Gakudo Sokai, 1943-45).The coclusions we got through the study were as follows ;1.The evacuations were ones of the civil defense policies to gain the final victory over the enimies during the War. Therefore the reason why the national and local governments plannned to evacuate children of midtown areas into rural districts was to reserve the "future soldiers" and to avoid losing people's fighting spirits arised from the genocides of their children caused by air raids. Those were never planned only by "humanistic policies".2.The situation and figures of evacuation were different from countries, because of their different cultural and social factors.(1) United Kingdom : It had been already planned in the first half of 1930', so that it was most carefully operated with most democratic procedures. Many civil volunteers assisted the government officers in the works. Not few confusions had been caused by so often amendments of the plans. Many of the evacuees were able to reside temporarily at the rural private houses with their brothers or sisters. The evasuation had brought the cultural and social class distinctions of UK into the open. So it made a contribution to her social changes after the War II.(2) Germany : It had been planned only by Nazi Fuhler Division, and operated through the leaderships of Hitler Yugend as mass tarining.(3) Japan : Because it had been planned most late, it was operated without any complete preparations. Because of keeping up the family system personal evacuations were encouraged under their responsibilities. Since 1944 group evacuations of school scales were inevitable.