Qatna Studien 10: Gold of kings and gods. On the importance of gold objects for the Syrian/ Northern Levantine kingdoms of the Middle and Late Bronze Ages based on the finds from the tombs of Qatna

通过这项申请，将申请出版QAṭNaStudien系列第10卷的印刷费用补贴。该系列的目的是介绍德国-叙利亚在QaṭNA的考古发掘的最终出版物。第十卷包含了来自QaṭNA的黄金对象的合成。这些金器大约有1,700件，是在Qaṭnan挖掘过程中发现的最广泛和最重要的发现之一。这些金器几乎无一例外地来自两个皇家陵墓--皇家地下墓穴和第七号陵墓。这些非凡的发现背景提供了迄今为止来自叙利亚和黎凡特的两个最大的黄金库存。此外，就类型组成以及功能和形式光谱而言，QaṭNA的黄金储量在上述地区的考古中是无与伦比的。这里介绍的材料的另一个重要方面是，随着青铜时代晚期的皇家地下墓地和中期青铜时代的第七墓，我们发现了两种不同年代的黄金制品。因此，第一次有可能仔细观察叙利亚黄金工艺在公元前第二个千年的历时发展。鉴于这种材料的科学意义，这里介绍的卷追求双重目标：一方面，这里首次科学地公布了第七墓所有349件黄金物品，将它们与从RoyalHypogeum发现的稍年轻的黄金进行比较；另一方面，通过深刻的、超区域的比较分析，对这些材料进行了全面的评估和解释。分析还包括关于金器的功能和意义的问题。因此，提交人从考古学和文献学来源收集了大量信息，以追踪QaṭNA和其他叙利亚中晚期青铜王国中黄金物品的意义和作用。提交的手稿是伊万娜·普尔吉兹论文的修订版，提交于2016年12月，并于2017年5月进行辩护。它被三位评委授予“以优异成绩”的称号，并一致被评为评选中的突出成就。罗兰·施瓦布和恩斯特·佩尼卡的附录介绍了对QaṭNA金器的考古分析结果。总而言之，这本书不仅包含了对QaṭNA黄金制品的最终评估和解释，而且也可以理所当然地声称是古代东方黄金的新标准。

With this application, a printing cost subsidy for the publication of volume 10 of the series QaṭnaStudien will be requested. The aim of the series is to present the final publications of the German-Syrian archaeological excavations at Qaṭna. The tenth volume contains a synthesis of the goldobjects from Qaṭna. With a number of approximately 1700 pieces, the gold objects are one of themost extensive and important groups of finds that came to light during the excavations at Qaṭna.The gold objects come almost without exception from the two royal tombs, the Royal Hypogeumand Tomb VII. These extraordinary find contexts provided the two largest gold inventories known todate from Syria and the Levant. Also with regard to the typological composition and the functionaland formal spectrum, the gold inventories from Qaṭna are without parallels in the archaeology ofthe area mentioned. Another important aspect of the material presented here is that with the lateBronze Age Royal Hypogeum and the Middle Bronze Age Tomb VII we have two find contexts ofgold objects which differ chronologically. Thus, for the first time, it is possible to take a close look atthe diachronic development of the Syrian gold craft during the second millennium BC.In view of this scientific significance of the material, the volume presented here pursues adouble objective: on the one hand, all 349 gold objects of Tomb VII are published here for the firsttime scientifically, whereby they are compared with the slightly younger gold finds from the RoyalHypogeum; on the other hand, this material is comprehensively evaluated and interpreted bymeans of a profound, supra-regional, comparative analysis. The analysis also includes questionsabout the function and significance of the gold objects. Consequently, the author has compiled allavailable information from archaeological and philological sources in order to trace the significanceand role of the gold objects in Qaṭna and in the other Syrian kingdoms of the Middle and LateBronze Ages.The manuscript presented is the revised version of Ivana Puljiz's dissertation, submitted inDecember 2016 and defended in May 2017. It was awarded the title "summa cum laude" by threereviewers and unanimously highlighted as an outstanding achievement in the reviews. Anappendix by Roland Schwab and Ernst Pernicka presenting the results of the archaeometricanalyses of the gold objects from Qaṭna rounds off the volume. In summary, this volume containsnot only the final evaluation and interpretation of the gold objects from Qaṭna, but can alsojustifiably claim to be a new standard work on gold in the Ancient Orient.