Extension of the intraspecific social organization concepts to the interspecific social relations.

一些同域物种在食物、筑巢地等资源上存在重叠。在这种情况下，不同的物种往往表现出类似于种内关系的社会关系；领土、群体或学校、统治秩序等。本项目重点研究了某些种群的种间社会关系，并对种内社会关系的概念在何种程度上适用于种间社会关系进行了研究。在冬天杂交物种群passarine鸟类,Aegithalos caudatus带领羊群,和其他passarine,大山雀等,每天加入和离开他们。但在某些情况下，一对或两个Aegithalos离开了群体，加入到其他混合物种的群体中，像花一样移动。在由5种以慈鲷为食的虾组成的混合鱼群中，2种组成“核心鱼群”，另外3种在鱼群经过它们自己的活动范围时加入它们。它们的进食频率比单独时高：种间社会促进得到了认可。在森林地面栖息的7种蚂蚁中，由于体型差异、栖息地大小、敌对行为和接纳行为的复杂关系，记录了同一生活型之间的等级分层。两种以藻类为食的帽贝，由于两种的幼壳都在蓝藻区定居，这是一种竞争关系，但Siphonaria成虫只以Enteromorpha为食，并允许蓝藻生长。此外，洄游型Siphonaria在社会地位上不如居住型Siphonaria，它扩大了无肠形态的区域，为藻类的生长提供了更多的空间，从而为两种物种的定居提供了更多的空间。

Some sympatric animal species overlap their resources such as food, nesting site, etc. In such cases, different specis often show social relationsips analogous to the intraspecific ones; territoriality, flocking or schooling, dominance order etc. The project focused on the interspecific social relationships of some species group, and to what extent are the concepts on intraspecific social relationships applicable to the interspecific ones were examined.In mixed-species winter flocks of passarine birds, Aegithalos caudatus leads the flock, and other passarine, Parus major etc, join to and leave from them everyday. But in some cases, a pair or two of Aegithalos leave the flock and join to the other mixed-species flock, moving as floolwers.In mixed-species schools consisting 5 spp. of shrimp eating cichlid fish, 2 species consisted "core school" and the other 3 spp. joined to them during the school passed through their own home range. Their feeding frequencies were higher than those when they were alone: interspecific social facilitation was recognized.Among forest-floor inhabiting 7 ant species, hierarchical stratification among the same life type derived from the complex of body size difference, home range size, antagonistic behaviour and admittive one was recorded.Two species of algal feeding limpets, which are competitive being young shells of both species settle on Ralfsia zone, but Siphonaria adults feed exclusively on Enteromorpha and allow the growth of Ralfsia. Moreover, migratory type of Siphonaria, which are socially inferior to the residential type, Expanded the enteromorpha-free area allowing more space for the growth of algae, thence more space for the settlement of both species.