Visuo-cognitive study for the promotion of understanding in children with mental retardation.

(1)目的：通过对智力低下儿童视觉认知过程中眼球运动的评价，探讨视觉信息的有效呈现对促进理解的作用。(2)结果：主要结果如下：1)图形搜索过程中视觉注视的发展特征。在对智力低下儿童视觉认知能力进行评价之前，研究了儿童在寻找几何图形过程中的发展特征。年幼的儿童往往倾向于固定模板形象。他们每次凝视的时间也更长。8岁以上儿童在有效策略中搜索目标图形成功。2)智力低下儿童的图形搜索。智障儿童对每个图形的注视时间较长。他们还会重复地注视特定的人物。这些结果表明，智力低下的儿童在寻找特定的图形模式方面存在困难。更多关于视觉认知方面的评价。通过在真实视场屏幕上叠加视点来检测视觉搜索过程。计数和决策过程可通过跟踪这些固定过程的时间序列来估计。4)视野测量采用计算机控制的视野测量系统进行视野测量。大多数智力低下儿童的视野与正常儿童的空间特征相同。然而，16名智障儿童中有4名视野受限。5)外周视功能测定外周视野内视敏度的空间分布。智力低下儿童的周边视力与正常视功能儿童相近。然而，与视觉功能正常的儿童相比，智力低下儿童表现出狭窄的有用视野。(3)结论：大多数智力发育迟滞儿童周围视觉功能正常。他们在视觉认知上的困难和限制是由更高层次的信息加工造成的。然而，智障儿童的周边视觉功能较低。对于那些视力下降的人，在视觉上需要特别的照顾和治疗。少

(1) Purpose : Effective presentation of the visual information was examined to promote understanding in children with mental retardation by the evaluation of their eye movements during visual cognition.(2) Results : Main results are as follows;1)Developmental characteristics of visual fixation during figural searching. Prior to the evaluation of visuo-cognitive aspects in children with mental retardation, developmental characteristics during search of geometric figures were examined. Younger children frequently tended to fixate template figure. They also gazed figures longer in each fixation. Children older than eight years old succeeded to search target figure in effective strategie.2)Figural search in children with mental retardation. Children with mental retardation fixated each figure longer time. And they also fixated particular figures repetitively. These results suggest that children with mental retardation have a difficulty for searching particular pattern of figures.3)Evaluati … More on of visuo-cognitive aspects. Processes during visual searching were examined by superimposing the visual point on the real visual field screen. Counting and decision making process were estimable by tracing those time series of fixational process.4)Measurement of visual field Visual field was measured by computer-controled visual field measuring system. Most children with mental retardation showed visual field as same as that of normal spatial characteristics. However, restricted visual field was detected in four out of sixteen children with mental retardation.5)Measurement of peripheral visual function Spatial distribution of visual acuity in peripheral visual field was examined. Peripheral visual acuity in children with mental retardation were similar to those in normal visual function. However, children with mental retardation exhibited narrow useful visual field compared to those in normal visual function.(3)CONCLUSION : In most children with mental retardation, peripheral visual function worked in good shape. Their difficulty and restriction in visual cognition results from an information processing in much higher levels. However, children with mental retardation had lower peripheral visual functionings. Special care and treatment in a visual presentation will be needed for those lowered visual functions. Less