A Study of Problems Reforms concerning school builidings for the Purpose of diversification of secondary education

本研究对改善中学教育水平的校舍情况进行了分析，提供了相当详细的资料。报告的前半部分是关于高中的情况，后半部分是关于初中的情况。1994年，教育部建立了一些高中，这些高中都有综合(既不是学术也不是职业)的课程。我们通过邮寄和收集材料进行询问，并走访了其中几所学校，以调查学校设施如何应对向学生提供的选修科目的增加。我们的研究得出了以下结论：a)县一级的教育规划者应在高中教育多样化的同时考虑改善校舍，在学生人数一直在下降的转型时期。B)学生在课室之间迁移的困难可能会造成严重的问题，影响学校的管理。…更重要的是，从建筑学的角度来看，设计具有综合课程功能的校舍是一个紧迫的问题。同时，我们在第二部分的研究集中在追踪部门化(以学科为基础)的效果。(而不是以班级为基础的)初中的课堂系统，预计这将使初中教育多样化和革命性。我们向为这一新系统设计了建筑的国家和地方公立初中发出了问卷，并走访了一些学校，以检查该系统的运行情况，并讨论其优缺点。调查的主要结果如下：a)直到1970年代末，校舍一直是以教室短缺为理由而建造的，而自1980年左右开始，对学生采取个性化的方法一直被坚定地作为建造校舍的理由。(二)大部分已实行分部课室制度的学校，收生人数都较少。C)要克服的最大困难之一是引导所有学生安全和迅速地从一个教室迁移到另一个教室。目前的情况表明，如果不重新考虑教育行政和学校管理，学校设施的改善并不是很有成效。较少

The present study provides a considerable detail in its analysis of improvement in school buidings at secondary education level. The first half of the report treats the case of senior high schools and the second half treats that of junior high schools.In l994, the Ministry established some senior high schools which have integrated (neither academic nor vocational) course. We made inquiries through mail and collected materials, and visited a few of these schools in order to survey how school facilities have been coping with the increase in elective subjects offered to the students. Our research has come to the following conclusions : a) Education planners at prefectura1 level should consider improvement school buildings in parallel to the diversification of upper secondary education under the period of restructure when the number of students has been declining. b) The difficulties in migration of students between classrooms might create problems so serious as to affect school managment. … More C) To design school buildings which foster the function of integrated course is an urgent issue from architecutural point of view.In the meantime, our research effort in the Part Two has focused on tracing the effects of departmentalized (subject-based. not homeroom-based) classroom system in junior high schools, which has been expected to diversify and revolutionalize lower secondary education. We sent questionnaires to national and local public junior high schools whose buildings were designed for this new system and visited some of the schools, in order to examine how well the system has been working and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. The major findings of the survey are as follows : a) The school buildings had been constructed on the ground of the shortage of classrooms until the end of 1970s, while individualized approach to students has firmly been put forward as a reason for the construction since around l980. b) Most of the schools which have introduced the departmentalized classroom system have a relatively small enrollment. c) One of the most difficulties to overcome is in guiding all the students to safe and prompt migration from a classroom to another. The present situation suggests that improvement in school facilities has not been very fruitful without reconsideration of educational administraion and school management. Less