A Study on the Improvement of School Education Environment During the Period of the Decrease in the Number of Children

本报告分为两部分：第一部分是日本在学生数量减少时期学校设施改善的现状和问题，第二部分是针对一所采用分班教学制度的学校。日本的教育政策自教育协议会报告提交以来一直在发生变化。同样，改善小学和初中教育的学校设施也在发生变化。这是从定量改进到定性改进的转变。第一部分基于三次问卷调查对市教育局学校设施划分进行分析。这是一个重要的事实发现，大约7%的小学有开放式教室。第二部分为秋田市1999年成立的一所公立初中的案例研究。学校采用系班制：学生每学期搬教室、上课。虽然在日本很少有初中引入，但被视为推动教育改革的典范之一。学校建筑有三个重要的建筑特点，1)每个教室都是为特定的学科而设计的，2)学校建筑的中心部分有一个开放的空间，作为学校图书馆，3)被称为“媒体中心”的电脑室被设计为开放式。主要研究结果如下：首先，学生和老师都喜欢这个教学楼，其次，分科课堂制度得到了学生的普遍肯定，第三，每一节课的声誉都与课堂环境的丰富密切相关。

The present report has two parts : the part one deals with the present situation and problem of the improvement of school facilities during the period of decrease in the number of students in Japan, and the part two focuses on a school which adopts the departmentalized classroom system.The Japanese education policy has being changing since the submission of the report of the Council on Education. Similarly, the improvement of school facilities for elementary and junior high education has been changing. It is the diversion from quantitative improvement to qualitative one. The part one analyzes, based upon the three times questionnaire to the division for school facilities in municipal boards of education. It is one of the important fact findings that about 7 percent of elementary schools have open-plan classrooms.The part two is a case study on a public junior high school founded in 1999 in Akita. The school is designed for the departmentalized classroom system : students move classroom and take lessons every period. Although this is introduced to few junior high schools in Japan, is viewed as one of the models that promote the educational reform. The school building has 3 important architectural characteristics, 1) every classroom is designed for specific subject, 2) a open-space is located at central part of school building and used as school library, 3) the computer room called "media center" is designed as open-type.The main findings are as follows ; firstly both students and teachers like this school building, secondary the departmentalized classroom system is received affirmation by students in general, thirdly each reputation of the lesson is closely related with the enrichment of the classroom environment.