Post-metaphysical philosophizing. Critical Theory, Philosophical Anthropology, and Logical Empiricism in comparative perspective

该研究项目旨在历史地、系统地确定批判理论、哲学人类学和逻辑经验主义之间的关系。到目前为止，关于这一主题的论文数量有限，突出了20世纪哲学中这三个有影响力的运动之间的争议。这个项目提出了一种不同的解读：它强调在“后形而上学哲学”这一术语下，所有三种方法之间的协同作用，这表现在它们与个别科学的计划性合作，它们对封闭形而上学系统的批判，以及它们对当代历史事件的哲学反思。所有这三个运动都代表了现代性的不同“治疗方案”：通过克服统治（批判理论）获得解放，通过哲学人类学获得人类身份要求（哲学人类学），通过科学获得启蒙（逻辑经验主义）。本研究的两个目标是：首先，它将展示在20世纪20年代到60年代之间，三个不同的运动是如何形成的，以及它们的概念是如何相互对抗的，据此，根据一个中心论点，可以追溯到重要的历史和系统相似性。其次，阐明1933年以来的国家社会主义、移民、流亡和大屠杀的激烈经历在这三股思潮的发展和关系中所起的作用。因此，该研究项目对批判理论、哲学人类学和逻辑经验主义的发展及其关系提供了相关的新认识，有助于更好地理解20世纪哲学的三个决定性运动。

The research project seeks to historically and systematically determine the relationship between Critical Theory, Philosophical Anthropology and Logical Empiricism. So far, the limited number of available papers on the topic have highlighted the controversies between these three influential movements of 20th-century philosophy. This project proposes a different reading: It emphasizes synergies between all three approaches under the term “post-metaphysical philosophizing,” which is expressed in their programmatic cooperation with the individual sciences, their critique of closed metaphysical systems, and their philosophical reflection on contemporary events in history. All three movements represent different ‘therapy programs’ of modernity: liberation through overcoming domination (Critical Theory), retrieving human identity claims (Philosophical Anthropology), and enlightenment through science (Logical Empiricism). Two goals guide the investigation: First, it will show how the three distinct movements took shape and confronted each other about their conceptions between the 1920’s to the 1960’s whereby, according to one central thesis, significant historical and systematic similarities can be traced. Secondly, it will clarify what role the drastic experience of National Socialism, emigration, exile, and the Shoah since 1933 has played in the development and the relationship between the three currents. The research project thus offers a relevant new understanding of the development and the relationship between Critical Theory, Philosophical Anthropology, and Logical Empiricism, contributing to a better understanding of three decisive movements of philosophy in the 20th century.