Household art and activities, Palaeolithic style: the psychology of 16000 year old domestic culture at Gönnersdorf (Rhineland) and Oelkitz (Thuringia)

人们在他们的生活空间中是如何运作的，日常行为的机制如何与旧石器时代艺术的创造和功能相互作用？旧石器时代晚期的家庭生活是什么样子的？我们将运用视觉和行动心理学的方法，在两个有1.6万年历史的旧石器时代晚期露营地--Gönnersdorf和Oelynz(德国)--探索帐篷内和帐篷外以壁炉为重点的活动。每一个都有几个挖掘得很好的、众所周知的壁炉，既有平坦的表面，也有浅凹陷的壁炉，上面覆盖着鹅卵石和扁平的石匾，在法国和瑞士的当代遗址中更广泛地发现了这些壁炉。在Gönnersdorf 406块牌匾(在Oelynz只有两块)上，刻有重要的猎物动物(特别是马、驯鹿和野牛)和高度时髦的人类女性肖像。不同形式的帐篷结构的证据是有图案的垃圾场，表明墙壁、坑和石头用于支撑上层建筑，并改装石器和屠宰的动物骨骼，揭示在日常生活中特定活动发生的地点以及内部和外部空间的哪些区域相连。鉴于其保存、挖掘和档案记录的非凡质量，这两个遗址提供了一个非凡的审讯数据库。该项目的团队包括对这些遗址最熟悉的专家(德国MONREPOS)、尖端的痕迹实验室(MONREPOS)，以及旧石器时代的考古学家和视觉与行为心理学家，他们正在合作开发对早期手势和艺术进行心理探索的正式方法(达勒姆，英国)。我们将聘请一名英国PDRA作为我们的联合监督博士，他一直在发展视觉古心理学领域，以及一名德国PDRA，他将通过五个工作包的累积过程进行追溯研究。我们将对他们的炉灶和周围发生的活动进行实验(物理)和VR模拟重建。在复制和模拟中，我们都可以近似计算当时的灯光级别(日光、灯光)。我们将跟踪每一项活动的参与者的身体和眼睛，并建立一个国内活动的运动特征，如炉缸建设/清理/再利用；工具制造和维护，以及雕刻。我们将在MONREPOS痕迹学实验室对实验创建的版画进行表征；通过将这些与实际艺术的痕迹学进行比较，我们可以确切地确定这些版画是如何雕刻的。由此产生的生物力学和视觉特征将使我们能够确定帐篷内部的受限空间是如何决定/限制行动的，以及这在露天是如何不同的。它将使我们能够描述日常动作的生物力学特征，并研究“国内”艺术是如何由此产生的。能见度是如何影响这些早期版画的性质的，它们又是如何受到环境的制约的？

How did people function in their lifespace, and how did the mechanics of routine actions interact with the creation and function of Palaeolithic art? What did domestic life look like in the Upper Palaeolithic?We will deploy methods from the psychology of vision and action to explore hearth-focussed activities within and without of tents on two 16,000 year old Upper Palaeolithic campsites; Gönnersdorf and Oelknitz (Germany). Each possess several well-excavated and well-understood hearths both on flat surfaces and in shallow depressions, covered with cobbles and flat stone plaquettes which are found more widely on contemporary sites in France and Switzerland. At Gönnersdorf 406 plaquettes (at Oelknitz only two) bear engravings of important prey animals (notably horse, reindeer and bison) and highly-stylised depictions of human females. Tent structures of varying form is evidenced by patterned refuse dumps indicative of walls, pits and stones used to support superstructures, and refitting of stone tools and butchered animal bones that reveal where particular activities took place and what areas of internal and external space were linked in daily life. Given the exceptional quality of their preservation, excavation and archival recording, the two sites offer a remarkable database for interrogation.The project's team includes specialists with the greatest familiarity with these sites (MONREPOS, Germany), a cutting edge traceology laboratory (MONREPOS), and a Palaeolithic archaeologist and psychologist of vision and action who are collaboratively developing formal methods for the psychological exploration of early gestures and art (Durham, UK). We will employ a UK PDRA who has been developing this field of visual palaeopsychology as our jointly supervised PhD, and a German PDRA who will carry the traceological studies through a cumulative process of five workpackages. We will undertake the experimental (physical) and VR simulated reconstruction of their hearths and activities occurring around them. In both replication and simulation we can approximate light levels at the time (daylight, lamplight). We will body- and eye-track participants in each, and build up a motion characterisation of domestic activities such as hearth construction/clearing/reuse; tool manufacture and maintenance, and engraving. We will characterise the experimentally created engravings in the MONREPOS traceology laboratory; by comparing these to the traceology of the actual art we can ascertain exactly how these were engraved. The resulting biomechanical & visual characterisation of such will allow us to ascertain how the constrained space in tent interiors determined/restricted action, and how this differed in the open air. It will allow us to characterise the biomechanics of routine actions, and investigate how 'domestic' art arose out of this. How did visibility affect the nature of these early engravings, and how were they constrained by their environments?