Masculinities Under (Re)Construction: Male Bodies Between Phallic and Post-Phallic Visualizations in Art Since 1970

文化和性别政治动态，如妇女运动、同性恋身份和日益复杂的身体优化武器库，正在使男性气概经历一个深刻的转变过程，越来越多地对其进行修改和重建。因此，我们看到，既有更不稳定的男子气概概念，包括传统上的“女性”特质，或全盘拒绝它们，也有一些人试图复兴和强化传统的男子气概概念。这项研究从三个相互关联的角度考察了这些相互冲突的思潮，重点是从20世纪70年代到现在的文化-历史和性别-政治动态的背景下，艺术中阴茎和后阴茎男性气概的可视化。首先，它将在同性恋女权主义批评的背景下，考察自1970年以来对男性艺术创造力和权威以及男性性行为之间所谓真实联系的各种反思；其次，它转向(重新)2001年以来后英雄社会背景下的男性英雄人物的愿景；以及，第三，后人类对男性气概的重新概念，如技术和生物修改的男性身体。

Cultural and gender-political dynamics, such as women's movements, queer identities, and an increasingly sophisticated arsenal of body optimization, are subjecting masculinity to a profound process of transformation, disposing it increasingly to revision and reconstruction. We see, as a result, both more fluid concepts of masculinity that incorporate conventionally "feminine" qualities, or reject them wholesale, as well as some that seek to resuscitate and reinforce traditional concepts of masculinity. This research investigates these conflicting currents of thought with a focus on visualizations of phallic and post-phallic masculinity in art in the context of cultural-historical and gender-political dynamics from the 1970s to the present from three interlocking perspectives. Firstly, it will examine various reflections on the allegedly authentic bond between male artistic creativity and authority, as well as male sexuality, since 1970 against the backdrop of queer-feminist criticism; secondly, it turns to (re)visions of masculine heroic figures in the context of post-heroic societies since 2001; and, thirdly, to post-human re-conceptions of masculinity as exemplified in the technically and biologically modified male body.