Development of Occupational Safety and Health Management System by Examination for Processes of Occurring Accidents in Occupational Safety and Health

将职业健康研究重新定位为风险管理的趋势越来越大。对职业安全和健康管理制度的日益重视加速了这一趋势。这一趋势也出现在许多亚洲国家，为加强初级预防提供了新的机遇。最近关于技术转让、小型工作场所和农村地区的工作改进项目提供了有益的例子。根据亚洲国家最近的经验，对这些工作改进项目和公认的职业风险管理原则的共同特点进行了审查。这些特征似乎与检查职业健康研究战略高度相关。这些经验清楚地表明，必须制定当地调整的风险评估和控制程序。在以下方面有新的研究需要：(A)鼓励工作场所自愿控制的有效方法；(B)当地风险评估的实用方法；(C)在不同的当地情况下导致持续改进的参与性步骤的类型。讨论了行动导向研究的标准，这些标准有助于在不同的环境下更有效地控制风险。可提及六个相关标准：(A)适应性风险管理；(B)工作/风险关系；(C)注重行动的风险评估；(D)利用集体专门知识；(E)当地人的参与；(F)相互学习。似乎至关重要的是要鼓励研究根据当地情况调整的实用风险控制程序。

There is a growing trend in re-orientating occupational health research towards risk management. Such a trend is accelerated by the increasing attention to occupational safety and health management systems. The trend, also seen in many Asian countries, is offering new opportunities for strengthening primary prevention. Useful examples are provided from recent work improvement projects dealing with technology transfer, small workplaces and rural areas. Common features of both these work improvement projects and accepted occupational risk management principles are reviewed based on recent experiences in Asian countries. Such features seem highly relevant in examining the occupational health research strategies. These experiences clearly show that locally adjusted procedures for risk assessment and control must be developed. There are new research needs concerning (a) the effective ways to encourage voluntary control at the workplace ; (b) practical methods for local risk assessment ; and (c) the types of participatory steps leading to continual improvements in the varying local context. Criteria of action-oriented research that can contribute to more effective risk control in different settings are discussed. Six relevant criteria may be mentioned : (a) adaptive risk management ; (b) work/risk relationships ; (c) action-oriented risk assessment ; (d) use of collective expertise ; (e) participation of local people ; and (f) mutual learning. It appears crucial to stimulate research into the practical risk control procedures adjusted to the local situation.