Inter-Regional Comparative Studies on Frontier Societies

“边疆”一词专门用来指代19世纪的美国西部，这个概念引起了学术界的兴趣，主要是历史上的兴趣，与理解西方人殖民地区的社会特征有关。组织这项研究是为了获得新的见解，将这一特定概念的范围扩展到当代东南亚以及在非洲、南亚、东亚包括前现代日本等其他地区观察到的前沿特征，如土地和资源管理、移民、国家和种族边界的冲突。自1999年4月该项目开始以来，来自社会经济史、文化人类学和农业发展等不同领域的科学家共参加了14次研讨会。由于在连续的研讨会上介绍了区域间比较研究，各种类型的边疆社会得到了承认，例如非洲的“地方边疆”、印度的“无声边疆”和东南亚由内部和外部边疆组成的“永久边疆局势”，这揭示了F·J·特纳提出的边疆假说是否适用于美国以外的地区的问题。此外，通过对前现代东亚和当代东南亚边疆社会的比较，可以看出当代东南亚边疆局势的延续与资源管理中的政治经济转型密切相关。出版了一份题为《边疆社会区域间比较研究》的研究报告，共26篇，包括五个部分：(1)关于边疆假说，(2)跨界、移徙和边疆，(3)资源管理和边疆，(4)国家、族裔、文化和边疆，以及(5)发展与边疆

The "frontier" has been used specifically to designate the American West of the 19th Century, and this concept has drawn academic, mostly historical, interest in relation to understanding the social characteristics of regions colonized by Western people. This research was organized in order to gain new insights by extending the scope of this specific concept to the frontier characteristics, such as conflict of land and resource management, migration, state and ethnic boundaries, observed in contemporary Southeast Asia and in other regions such as Africa, South Asia, East Asia including pre-modern Japan. Scientists from various fields such as socio-economic history, cultural anthropology, and agricultural development have participated in a total offifteen seminars since the beginning of project in April 1 999. As a result of inter-regional comparative studies presented in the consecutive seminars, various types of frontier societies came to be recognized, such as "local frontiers" in Africa, "silent frontier" in India, and "ever-lasting frontier situation" consisting of internal and external frontiers in Southeast Asia, and this shed light on the question of whether the frontier hypothesis, which was built by F. J. Turner, is universal to regions other than the United States. In addition, from the comparison of frontier societies between pre-modem East Asia and contemporary Southeast Asia, it was revealed that the perpetuation of frontier situation in the latter was closely related to political and economic transformation in resource management. Compiling a total of 26 presentations, a research report entitled "Inter-Regional Comparative Studies on Frontier Societies," consisting of five parts: (1) In connection with frontier hypothesis, (2) Cross-bordering, migration and frontier, (3) Resource management and frontier, (4) Nation, ethnicity, culture and frontier, and (5) Development and frontier, was published