A Study of the Logic and Frame Work on the Restructure of Government in China

本课题的研究目的是探讨中国国家体系重组的原因和现状。为此，我们在全国六个主要城市的国家和地方立法机关、行政机关、法院、检察院、大学和其他研究机构进行了广泛的访谈。第一，为适应市场经济的兴起（如果是在一党专政的基本框架内），实现小政府，行政结构的优化、政府机构的重组和精简以及人员的大幅度裁减正在迅速进行。但是，各地的改革进行到什么程度，我们还不能完全透露.二是沿海大城市法院、检察院着力提高法官、检察官素质。因此，专业律师群体正在兴起，司法机构的独立性有赖于他们。改革的努力是复杂的：法院急于确立审判的合法性;检察官办公室正在考虑是否有可能恢复苏联的一般监督制度;一些西部地方城市难以找到足够的合格律师，他们可以进行改革。第三，一些大学的法律系设立了新的研究生硕士课程，以培养法律专业的专门人才。除此之外，新的州法律考试要求考生具有学士学位，这促使大学在培养法律的专业人员方面发挥更大的作用。总之，由于这些改革的努力才刚刚开始，中国还需要几年的时间才能形成一个稳定的国家法律的体系。

This project aims at investigating the reason for and the current state of the reorganization of China's national system. For this purpose we conducted extensive interviews at national and local legislative bodies, administrative agencies, courts, prosecutor's offices, and universities and other research institutions in six major cities in China.The findings of these interviews suggest such facts as follow. First, in view of the realization of small government in response to rising market economy (if within the basic framework of the one party rule), the optimization of administrative sturcture, the reorganization and simplification of the competence of governmental offices, and the drastic personnel cuts are proceeding apace. We, however, could not fully reveal the extent to which the reform has proceeded in localities. Second, courts and prosecutor's office in coastal big cities have made an effort to improve the qualities of judges and prosecutors. As a result the groups of professional lawyers, on whose shoulders the independence of the judiciary rests, are arising. The reform efforts are complicated : courts are anxious to establish the legitimacy of trials ; prosecutor's offices are considering the possibility to return to the Soviet system of general supervision and some western local cities have difficulty in securing enough competent lawyers, who could carry out reforms. Third, several universities' law departments have established new graduate master courses for the purpose of training specialists in the law profession. In addition to this, a new state law examination, which requires a bachelor degree from its candidate, urges universities to fulfill a greater role in training legal professionals. In sum, because these reform efforts have just begun, it will take several years for China to reach a stable national legal system.This project has laid solid foundations for a scholarly exchange and the further investigation.