Evaluation and standardization of in situ measurements of soil hydraulic and solute transport properties

干旱灌溉地区的盐积累是一个严重的问题。为了用数值模拟方法估计溶质的动态运移，需要对土壤水力和溶质运移特性的原位测量进行评价和标准化。在本研究中，使用恒水头渗透仪、压力渗透仪、张力盘渗透仪和锥渗透仪进行了各种现场饱和和非饱和渗透率的现场实测。提出了基于剖面探针的内部排水法、基于遗传算法的水力特性反演法、基于低含水率范围的瞬态蒸发法、改进的多步流出法和多层水力特性反演法。用四电极盐度探针估计了土壤中的水动力分散。利用多功能热脉冲探针和带热电偶的TDR传感器同时测量水流、溶质和热输运性质，消除了原位空间变异性。为了加强土壤信息系统（SIS）各数据库之间的协作，提出了一种基于web的公共接口（WBCI）。WBCI有助于建立土壤水分和溶质运移特征数据库，以及溶质运移特征数据库和分析土壤运移现象的原位测量方法。

Salt accumulation in irrigated arid lands constitutes a serious problem. For estimation of the dynamic solute transport using numerical simulation, evaluation and standardization of in situ measurement of soil hydraulic and solute transport properties are required. In this study, various in-situ practical measurements of field saturated hydraulic conductivity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were carried out using a constant head infiltrometer, a pressure infiltrometer, a tension disk permeameter, and a cone permeameter. Internal drainage method using profile probe, inverse analysis of hydraulic properties using genetic algorithms, transient evaporation method for the low water content range, modified multi-step outflow method and inverse method of multi-layer were developed for the estimation of hydraulic properties. Hydrodynamic dispersion in soils was estimated with four-electrode salinity probes. Simultaneous measurement of water flow, solute and heat transport properties by multi-functional heat pulse probe and TDR sensor with thermocouple was carried out to eliminate spatial variability in situ. A Web-Based-Common-Interface (WBCI) to enhance collaboration between data bases of Soil Information System (SIS) was developed. The WBCI may help in developing soil water and solute transport characteristics data base as well as solute transport characteristics data base and in situ measurement methods for analyzing transport phenomena in soils.