Effects of Night Work on the Immune Function

为了研究轮班工作对免疫指标（如淋巴细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞活性）的影响，对105名护士（男28名，女77名）进行了研究。连续两个早晨采集轮班工人的血液样本。第一天的抽样在白班之前的早晨进行，第二天的抽样在夜班结束时进行。对于固定的白天工作人员，在早上抽取两次血液样本。(1)倒班工人和固定日班工人在日间工作上午采集的循环淋巴细胞亚群比例和NK细胞活性没有显著差异。(2)倒班工人夜班后早晨CD3和CD4的比例高于白班。夜班后早晨NK细胞活性和NK细胞比例低于白班早晨。女性轮班工人CD4、0D8和CD16+56+的变化大于男性轮班工人。吸烟者CD4和cd16 +56+的变化大于非吸烟者。夜间工作后的疲劳感与CD4比例增加有关，但与其他免疫参数有关。(3)夜班前不同班次对淋巴细胞亚群和疲劳水平无显著影响。(4)女性在白班和夜班之间的免疫功能变化大于男性。吸烟和疲劳与免疫功能有关。这些结果表明，夜间工作对免疫功能的昼夜节律有短期影响。即使这些免疫功能的改变局限于急性期，免疫功能有序昼夜节律的反复改变也可能产生长期影响。

To investigate the effects of shift work on immune parameters, such as lymphocyte subpopulations and natural killer cell activity, 105 nurses (28 males and 77 females) were studied. Blood samples of shift workers were collected from shift workers on two consecutive mornings. The first day's sampling was carried out in the morning just before the daytime shift, and sampling of the second day was carried out at the end of the night shift. For fixed daytime workers, blood samples were taken twice in the morning.(1)No significant differences were observed between shift workers and fixed day workers in the proportion of circulating lymphocyte subsets and NK cell activity from samples taken in the morning of the daytime work.(2)Shift workers exhibited higher level of the proportion of CD3 and CD4 in the morning after night time shift than daytime shift. NK cell activity and proportion of NK cells in the morning after night shift were lower than those in the morning of daytime shift. Female shift workers exhibited greater changes in CD4, 0D8, and CD16+56+ than male shift workers. Smokers showed greater changes in CD4 and CD 16+56+ than non-smokers. Fatigue feeling after night work related with an increase in the proportion of CD4 but with other immune parameters.(3)The difference of shift schedule before night shift did not show any difference in lymphocyte subsets and fatigue level.(4)The changes of immune function between daytime work and night work were larger in women than men. Smoking and fatigue related to immune function.These results suggest that night work has short term effects on diurnal rhythm of immune function. Even if these changes of immune function are limited to acute phase, repetition of modification of ordinal circadian rhythm of immune function might have long-term effects.