A Study of Legal Historical and Ideological Factors of Laws for Oppressing the Jews in Nazi Germany

本研究的目的是探讨纳粹德国1935年的纽伦堡法律（《赖希国旗法》、《赖希公民法》、《保护德国血统和德国荣誉法》）中压迫犹太人的历史和意识形态因素。本研究的大致内容如下：一、以纽伦堡法的实施条例及注释为参照，深入探讨纽伦堡法的概念问题。由于这一审查的结果，我们获得了关于“国家主体”、“赖希公民”和“犹太人”的定义的新知识。《赖希公民法》区分了“国家的臣民”和“赖希的公民”，犹太人不属于“赖希的公民”。这一思想源于1920年的“NSDAP的25点计划”。《赖希公民法》和《纳粹党纲领》从种族和宗教的角度对“犹太人”进行了定义，但这一定义缺乏科学依据和科学依据。也就是说，在赖希公民法中，所有犹太人都被视为犹太人。换句话说，犹太人意味着犹太人2.我们检查了反犹太主义的各种因素，指的是格奥尔格Jellinek（“人权和公民的权利宣言”），马克斯韦伯（“古代犹太教”）和卡尔施密特（“Verfassungslehre”）的意见。通过这一研究，“赖希公民”、“公民身份”、“人权”和“基本权利”之间的概念和历史联系和区别变得清晰起来。值得注意的是，这些法律的观念的历史变迁对犹太人的权利和自由产生了影响。

The purpose of this study is to examine the historical and ideological factors of laws for oppressing the Jews, particularly Nuremberg Laws (the Reich Flag Act, the Reich Citizenship Law, Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor) of 1935 in Nazi Germany. The approximate contents of this study are as given below.1.We examined thoroughly the conceptual problems of Nuremberg Laws by referring to their enforcement ordinances and commentaries. As the result of this examination, we acquired a new knowledge on the definitions of "a subject of the State", "a citizen of the Reich" and "Jews". The Reich Citizenship Law distinguishes "a subject of the State" and "a citizen of the Reich", and Jews do not belong to "a citizen of the Reich". This idea results from "the 25 point Programme of the NSDAP"of 1920. The Reich Citizenship Law and "the Programme of the NSDAP" define "Jews" from the point of view of the race and the religion, but this definition has no scientific evidences and scientific proof. Namely in the Reich Citizenship Law all Judaists are regarded as Jews. In other words, Jews mean Judaists2.We examined the various factors of anti-Semitism by referring to views of Georg Jellinek ("The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens"), Max Weber ("Ancient Judaism") and Carl Schmitt("Verfassungslehre"). As the result of this examination, the conceptual and historical relationships and differences between "a citizen of the Reich", "citizenship", "human rights" and "fundamental rights" became clear. It is noteworthy that the historical changes of these legal concepts have influence on rights and freedoms of the Jews.