Designing learning environments fostering creativity in engineering education.

在这个项目中，我们提出了一个框架来设计学习环境在工程创造力。该框架由以下两个组件组成。(1)基于心理学知识的教学设计本文提出的框架，除了学习者的经验外，还积极地将心理学与教育和学习有关的知识纳入其中，以达到更有效的课堂。在学习科学领域，研究人类在教育情境中的学习过程的研究指出了“元认知”的重要性和有效性，即从“元”的角度看待学习者在教育或学习情境中的自身活动。在当前研究的课程中，我们将“反思”这一元认知活动纳入其中。反思是回顾自己的活动过程的活动。(2)创意活动支持系统的开发在本文提出的框架中，我们开发了一个以“生产活动”和“评价活动”为重点的创意活动支持系统，并将该系统引入班级环境中。这个基于网络的系统由一个与数据库相连的PHP组成，使学习者能够使用网络浏览器记录和反思与小组创造性活动有关的任何信息。基于这个框架，我们在中部大学开设了一门真正的创新教育课程。学习者需要使用乐高头脑风暴制作机器人，同时使用创意活动支持系统记录自己的创意过程。我们评估了与学习者创造力相关的技能的学习结果。结果，我们证实了以下教育效果：(1)通过体验创造性活动，学习者的想法生成技能得到了提高；(2)他们的元认知活动也因为在课堂上经历了反思而被激活。

In this project, we proposed a framework for designing learning environments for creativity in engineering. The framework consists of the following two components.(1) Instructional design based on knowledge from psychologyThe framework proposed here actively incorporates knowledge from psychology in relation to education and learning in addition to the experiences of the learners, in order to achieve more effective classes. In the field of learning sciences, which studies human learning processes in educational situations points out the importance and effectiveness of "meta-cognition" in which the learner's own activities in an educational or learning situation are seen from a "meta" perspective. In the classes in the current study, we incorporated this meta-cognitive activity of "reflection." Reflection is the activity of looking back at one's own activity processes.(2) Development of systems for supporting creative activitiesIn the framework proposed here, we have developed a creative activity support system that focuses on "Production Activities" and "Evaluation Activities," and have introduced this system into a class environment. This web-based system, which is comprised of a PHP linked with a database, enables the learners to record and reflect on any information related to the group's creative activities using a web browser.Based on that framework, we conducted an actual class in creative education at the Chubu University. The learners required to produce a robot using LEGO Mindstorms while recording their own creative process using the creative activity support system. We evaluated the learning results for skills related to the learners' creativity. As a result, we confirmed following educational effectiveness: (1) learners' idea generation skills were improved through experiencing creative activities, and (2) their meta-cognitive activities were also activated as a result of having experienced reflection in the classes.