Qatna Studien 12: Heike Dohmann – Sarah Lange-Weber – Peter Pfälzner –Susanne Degenhardt, Tomb VII at Qaṭna – Features, contexts, chronology

《Qa Alcohna Qienen》系列旨在向专家提供德国-叙利亚在Qa Alcohna的发掘工作的最后出版物。第十二卷包含了七号墓的发现，这是一座未被洗劫的墓室，位于卡纳皇家宫殿之下。它包含了至少133个人类个体的骨骼遗骸和1067个小发现，它包含了一个非常大的库存。本卷遵循该系列的概念，介绍并解释了特征和发现组合，而对个别发现的比较类型学评价则保留在其他卷中。本卷由952页的文本卷和一个图版卷组成，其中以平面图和概览照片的形式介绍了每个地区和每个地点的所有特征。在文本卷中，墓室的整体发现是在一个结合考古学和人类学研究。人类学研究的骨头发现是由苏珊娜Degenhartt，考古介绍的特点和发现协会是由海克Dohmann，莎拉Lange-Weber和朱利亚Baccelli。进一步的贡献来自Peter Pfälzner，他详细描述了七号墓的位置，空间安排和年表。其他作者对七号墓的各种材料进行了额外的科学研究。这包括动物骨骼、植物遗骸和木炭、纺织品遗骸和其他微观考古学分析。此外，它还介绍了对人类骨材料的进一步研究结果，如疾病的检测以及同位素检查和人类DNA的分析。彼得·普法尔茨纳（Peter Pfälzner）和莎拉·兰格-韦伯（Sarah Lange-Weber）撰写的综合报告着重于对这一不同寻常的背景的解释。作者描述了在七号墓中可以发现的二次埋葬方式--特别是以重葬的形式。他们解释了这些重新埋葬是如何发生的，什么样的容器被用来转移骨头和墓葬物品，以及根据什么原则，骨盒中装满了大量不同个体的骨头。这些重新安置的二次墓葬与固定的二次墓葬形成对比，后者来自七号墓的早期使用。对这两种二次埋葬的有关随葬品的做法进行了分析。通过这种方式，古代叙利亚的各种丧葬习俗，以前没有以这种形式记录下来，变得可见。这使得该卷对古代近东的墓葬考古学做出了重要贡献。

The series Qaṭna Studien aims to make the final publications of the German-Syrian excavations in Qaṭna available to experts. The twelfth volume contains the findings of Tomb VII, an un-looted chamber tomb under the Royal Palace of Qaṭna. With the bone remains of minimally 133 human individuals and 1067 small finds, it contained an extraordinarily large inventory. Following the concept of the series, this volume presents and interprets the features and find assemblages, while the comparative-typological evaluation of the individual finds is reserved for other volumes.The volume consists of a text volume of 952 pages and a plate volume, which presents all the features per area and per site both in a plan drawing and in an overview photograph. In the text volume, the overall findings of the burial chamber are presented in a combined archaeological and anthropological study. The anthropological study of the bone finds is by Susanne Degenhardt, the archaeological presentation of the features and find associations is by Heike Dohmann, Sarah Lange-Weber and Giulia Baccelli. Further contributions come from Peter Pfälzner, who describes in detail the location, spatial arrangement and chronology of Tomb VII. Other authors contribute additional scientific research on various materials from Tomb VII. This includes animal bones, plant remains and charcoal, textile remains and other microarchaeological analyses. Additionally, it presents the results of further investigations on the human bone material, such as the detection of diseases as well as isotope examinations and the analysis of human DNA. The synthesis written by Peter Pfälzner and Sarah Lange-Weber focuses on the interpretation of this unusual context.The authors describe the modes of secondary burial practices - especially in the form of reburials - detectable in Tomb VII. They explain how these reburials took place, what kind of containers were used for the transfer of bones and grave goods, and according to which principles the bone boxes were filled with a large number of bones of different individuals. These relocated secondary burials are contrasted with the stationary secondary burials, which derive from an earlier period of use of Tomb VII. The practices related to grave goods are analysed for both types of secondary burials. In this way, various funerary practices of ancient Syria, which have not been documented in this form before, become visible. This makes the volume an essential contribution to the funerary archaeology of the Ancient Near East.