The dialectal position and historical evolution of Gorani, especially in relation to Kurdish

戈拉尼属于(除了波斯人、库尔德人等)传到伊朗语系的西部语系，在伊朗西南部和伊拉克东北部使用。几个世纪以来，戈拉尼语与该地区的其他语言关系密切，特别是与库尔德中部和南部的方言以及拉基语。在此期间，戈拉尼的语言和文化已经适应了库尔德文化。因此，可以理解戈拉尼语，尽管它既不是库尔德方言，也不是库尔德人的密切血缘关系，是“库尔德文化情结”的一部分。任何对戈拉尼的历史语言学研究都必须考虑到这两个习语之间的密切关系。本项目的目的是从历史方言和戈拉尼的历史的角度来研究戈拉尼与库尔德语以及与其他语言如拉基语的关系。Mackenzie(1961)的论文假设了戈拉尼对中央库尔德人的决定性影响，基于6个形态特征，将以此为起点。将使用来自戈拉尼、库尔德南部和中部以及拉基的广泛方言数据，对这6个特征以及其他一些特征进行深入研究。如有必要，还将考虑其他习语，如洛里语、北部库尔德语或扎扎克语。在公元前14-19世纪，戈拉尼语是库尔德中部和南部地区及更远地区的一种重要文学语言。因此，将通过研究17-19世纪的历史戈拉尼文学文本来检验和提炼已经为戈拉尼及其邻近语言建立的方言演变和相互影响的模式。目的是找出哪些戈拉尼语言特征是在这段时间内发展出来的，或者是从其他语言中借鉴的。我们还将运用统计方法，对不同的戈拉尼文本中的部分段落进行调查。将开发的戈拉尼(相对于库尔德人)的方言历史演变模式，也将有助于更好地了解所研究的语言社区更广泛的历史、文化和文学发展。

Gorani belongs (besides Persian, Kurdish etc.) to the Western subgroup of Iranian languages, and is spoken in Southwest Iran and Northeast Iraq. For many centuries, Gorani has been in close relation to other languages of the region, especially to Central and Southern Kurdish dialects and Laki. During this time, an acculturation of Gorani language and culture to Kurdish culture has taken place. It is therefore possible to understand Gorani, although it is neither a dialect of Kurdish nor closely related to it genetically, as part of the "Kurdish Cultural Complex". Any historical linguistic study of Gorani, or of Central or Southern Kurdish, has to take into account the close relation between both idioms.The aim of the present project is to study the relation of Gorani to Kurdish, and to other languages like Laki, from the perspective of both historical dialectology and the history of Gorani. MacKenzie's (1961) thesis that postulated a decisive influence of Gorani on Central Kurdish, based on 6 morphological features, will be taken as a starting point. These 6 features, and some more, will be studied thoroughly, using broad dialectal data from Gorani, Southern and Central Kurdish, and Laki. Further idioms like Lori, Northern Kurdish or Zazaki will be considered if necessary.During the 14-19 centuries C. E., Gorani was an important literary language of the Central and Southern Kurdish regions and beyond. Therefore, the model of dialectal evolution and mutual influence that has been set up for Gorani and its neighbouring languages, will be examined and refined by studying historical Gorani literary texts of the 17-19 centuries. The aim is to find out which Gorani linguistic features were developed, or borrowed from other languages, during this time. Select passages from various Gorani texts will be investigated, applying also statistical methods.The model of dialectal historical evolution of Gorani (vis-à-vis Kurdish) that will be developed, will also facilitate a better understanding of broader historical, cultural and literary developments of the linguistic communities under study.