Ecological, genetic and climatic determinants of range expansion: a case study on Ceratocapnos claviculata in the native and invaded range

在范围扩展过程中，许多生态和环境过滤器和特征，如扩散、气候、栖息地质量和遗传设置，决定了殖民化事件的结果，即种群的成功建立和持续存在。因此，不断扩大的范围为研究生态、遗传和气候因素对植物物种分布和丰度的相对重要性提供了独特的机会。我们建议在扩展的短命植物锁骨角草芥（Ceratocapnos claviculata， L.）中研究这些过程。作为一种模式物种。该物种被认为是欧洲大西洋的物种。然而，在过去的几十年里，有文献记载的是向东部和北部迅速扩散到次大陆和亚北方地区。这种范围的扩大可能与人为扩散、生境质量、遗传过程或气候有关。该研究计划将包括对原生地和新入侵的东部和北部边缘地区的实地研究，分子分析（微卫星DNA标记）和因子实地实验，这些将通过景观遗传方法联系起来。在不同工作包中获得的信息将用于开发该物种的范围模型。该项目的主要目的是评估扩散、栖息地质量（资源、相互作用）、遗传因素和过程（多样性、种内杂交、奠基者效应）以及气候对物种殖民化成功、种群生存能力和持久性的作用。具体而言，我们将实现以下目标：(1)实验分析一水硬石数量（、一水硬石压力）、遗传多样性、生境质量和局部适应对新种群建立成功的相对影响；(2)局部适应和气候因素对种群建立和适应度的影响；(3)跨物种范围的种群遗传分析；(4)景观遗传分析景观配置与遗传结构之间的关系；当前和潜在范围。

During range expansions a number of ecological and environmental filters and traits such as dispersal, climate, habitat quality and genetic setup determine the outcome of colonization events, i.e. successful establishment and persistence of populations. Thus, ongoing range expansions offer unique opportunities to study the relative importance of ecological, genetic and climatic factors for distribution and abundance of plant species. We propose to study these processes in the expanding short-lived plant Ceratocapnos claviculata (L.) Lidén as a model species. The species has been considered as eu-atlantic. However, during the last decades a rapid spread east- and northwards into sub-continental and sub-boreal regions has been documented. This range extension could be related to anthropogenic dispersal, habitat quality, genetic processes or climate. The research program will consist of a combination of field studies in the native range and the newly invaded eastern and northern marginal range, molecular analyses (microsatellite DNA markers), and factorial field experiments, which will be linked by a landscape genetic approach. The information obtained in the different work packages will be used to develop a range model of the species. The main aim of the project is to evaluate the role of dispersal, habitat quality (resources, interactions), genetic factors and processes (diversity, intra-specific hybridisation, founder effects) and climate for the colonisation success, population viability and persistence of the species. Specifically, we will address the following objectives: (1) experimental analysis of the relative effects of diaspore number (‚diaspore pressure’), genetic diversity, habitat quality and local adaptation for the establishment success of new populations, (2) analysis of local adaptation and climatic factors for population establishment and fitness, (3) population genetic analysis across the species range, (4) landscape genetic analysis of the relationship between landscape configuration and genetic structure and (5) modelling of the size of the past, present and potential range.