Genetic interaction between Russian and Japanese small mammals.

日本小型哺乳动物的区系被认为是复杂的，因为在过去的几百万年里，可能发生了频繁的迁移事件，从三条不同的路线通过库页岛，朝鲜半岛和台湾。在这里，我们研究了库页岛路线，阐明动物群的进化历史的小哺乳动物的北海道，使用分子系统发育工具，包括线粒体和核DNA。我们观察到相当大的程度上的差异，在遗传特有性和地理变异的物种之间的检查。北海道小型啮齿动物的特有性相对较低。雷克斯鼠的含量相对较高，而半岛姬鼠的含量较低。红腹水龟和红腹水龟的地理变异水平较高。rutilus和低A. peninsulae和C.雷克斯。我们的数据表明，北海道在过去的一、二百万年里对提高东亚地区的生物多样性水平发挥了重要作用。东亚小型哺乳动物的物种分布格局和地理变异被认为受到第四纪环境变化的影响，如冻土的扩张和陆桥的出现

The fauna of Japanese small mammals is thought to be complex because frequent migration events might have occurred during the last several million years from three different routes through Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan. Here we examined the Sakhalin route to elucidate the evolutionary history of the fauna of small mammals of Hokkaido, using molecular phylogenetic tools including mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs. We observed considerable extent of difference in the levels of genetic endemism and geographic variation among the species examined. Hokkaido's small rodents possessed relatively low species endemism. The levels were relatively, high in Clethrionomys rex and low in Apodemus peninsulae. The levels of geographic variation were high in Clethrionomys rufocanus and C. rutilus and low in A. peninsulae and C. rex. Our data imply that Hokkaido had played an important role in increasing the levels of the biodiversity in East Asia during the past one or two million years. The patterns of speciation and geographic variation of small mammals in East Asia were considered to be affected by the Quaternary environmental changes, such as expansion of permafrost and emergence of land bridges