Molecular phylogenetic study on the movements of small mammals across the continents during the late Tertiary.

线粒体（细胞色素b， 12S rRNA）和核（IRBP, RAG1）基因序列在各种小型哺乳动物中测定，包括鼠类、脂类和鼠类（如旧大陆鼠属Mus、Apodemus和Rattus）。以小家鼠为例，对新发现的和已有的序列进行的系统发育分析支持在小家鼠中识别出4个亚属（小家鼠、Coelomys、nanomys和Pyromys），但尚未解决的基础多切分。我们的数据进一步表明，小家鼠亚属包含三个不同的“种群”：(1)布杜格小家鼠种群，也包括土色小家鼠和脆弱小家鼠（也可能是小家鼠）；(2) a小家鼠种群，包括小家鼠和小家鼠；(3)小家鼠种群，包括马其顿小家鼠、穗小家鼠和野小家鼠。欧亚小家鼠的物种多样性可能可以解释为范围扩展和迁移的几个阶段，以及群体内经历生物群落转变的倾向。家鼠的IRBP和RAG1分子钟将家鼠亚属的起源追溯到大约5-6亿年前，家鼠亚属的种群的起源大约在2-3亿年前。欧亚小家鼠的进化时间格局比欧亚温带大鼠属的进化时间格局更为复杂。

Mitochondrial (cytochrome b, 12S rRNA) and nuclear (IRBP, RAG1) gene sequences were determined in various species of small mammals including mustelids, talpids, and murids (e.g., the Old World murine genera Mus, Apodemus, and Rattus). In the case of Mus, for example, phylogenetic analysis of the newly and previously available sequences support recognition of four subgenera within Mus (Mus, Coelomys, Nannomys, and Pyromys), with an unresolved basal polytomy. Our data further indicate that the subgenus Mus contains three distinct 'species groups': (1) a Mus booduga Species Group, also including Mus terricolor and Mus fragilicauda (probably also Mus famulus); (2) a Mus cervicolor Species Group, also including Mus caroli and Mus cookii; and (3) a Mus musculus Species Group, also including Mus macedonicus, Mus spicilegus, and Mus spretus. Species diversity in Eurasian Mus is probably explicable in terms of several phases of range expansion and vicariance, and by a propensity within the group to undergo biotope transitions. IRBP and RAG1 molecular clocks for Mus date the origin of subgenera to around 5-6 mya and the origin of Species Groups within subgenus Mus to around 2-3 mya. The temporal pattern of evolution among Eurasian Mus is more complex than that within the Eurasian temperate genus Apodemus.