Basic Research on Biological Monitoring of Industrial Chemicals in Japan

1.尿代谢物正常值及其上限的估计：对东京、京都和冈山市20 ~ 30岁男性商人尿中代谢物的决定性浓度进行了估计。方法：1.测定尿中马尿酸、苯酚、甲醇、镉、β_2-微球蛋白、铅、δ ALA和砷化合物的浓度，计算其算术平均值和几何平均值及95%上限.测定姐妹染色体互换、血镉正常值及吸烟对正常值的影响.观察了空气中氯苯浓度与接触氯苯受试者尿液中氯苯代谢物浓度之间的相关性。并对空气中正己烷浓度与尿中2，5-己二酮浓度进行了相关性分析。并根据本课题组在教育部赠款下发表的论文，估算了空气中有机溶剂浓度与接触有机溶剂者尿液中有机溶剂代谢物浓度的相关性，以及空气中重金属浓度与接触重金属者血液或尿液中重金属浓度的相关性。然后从文献中研究日本人和高加索人的药代动力学差异，认识日本人和中国人之间的差异.从尿量、饮用水和混合溶剂的种类等方面讨论了有机溶剂暴露受试者尿液中代谢物浓度的影响因素.阐述了生物监测在环境、工作场所和卫生控制因素中的意义。

1. Estimation of normal values and their upper limits of urinary metabolites : determinant concentrations of metabolites in the urine of male businessmen from twenties to thirties in age living in Tokyo, Kyoto and Okayama Cities were estimated. Concentrations of hippuric acid, phenol, methanol, cadmium, Beta_2-MG, lead, Delta ALA and arsenic compounds in their urine were determined and the arithmetic and geometric means of these urinary compounds and 95% upper limit were calculated.2. Normal values of the sister chromosome exchange or blood cadmium and the effect of smoking on the normal values were determined.3. The correlation between the concentration of chlorobenzene in the air and the concentration of its metabolites in the urine of subjects exposed to chlorobenzene was observed. The correlation between the concentraion of nhexane in the air and the concentration of 2,5-hexanedione in the urine was estimated. And correlation between the concentration of organic solvents in the air and the concentration of their metabolites in the urine of subjects exposed to solvents and the correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the air and that in the blood or urine of subjects exposed to heavy metals were estimated by our previous papers reported by members of our group studied with grants from the Ministry of Education. Then the difference in pharmacokinetics between Japanese and Caucasian was studied from the papers, and the difference between Japanese and Chinese was recognized.4. Factors affecting the concentration of metabolites in the urine of subjects exposed to organic solvents were discussed in terms of urinary volume, drinking water and the kind of solvents use in mixed exposure.5. Significance of biological monitoring in environmental, workplace and health control factors was described.