Micro-Ecosystem for the Estimation of Micro-Pollutants' Behavior in Water Bodies

一个明渠被用作微生态系统。通道水由泵循环，顶部空间被覆盖成为一个封闭系统。淤泥被铺在了沟底。以RNA噬菌体Qbeta作为水-沉积物微生态系统模型病毒，研究病毒在天然水体中的行为。水-沉积物生态系统中噬菌体qβ的失活率低于水体生态系统。无泥沙生态系统的Qbeta浓度在96 h内下降了10^<-3>倍，而水-泥沙生态系统的Qbeta浓度没有下降。水-沉积物生态系统中的病毒可分为自由形态病毒和吸附型病毒两大类。自由形式的病毒是作为单个粒子悬浮在水相中的病毒。吸附病毒是将病毒附着在水中的有机或无机悬浮固体上。吸附病毒的浓度随悬浮固体的沉降或再悬浮而波动。由于水相与沉积物之间的固体交换，沉积物中吸附病毒的浓度在水-沉积物界面区非常高。在平均流速为11.2cm/s、雷诺数为1550（湍流）的水力条件下，水-沉积物界面只有1mm厚的区域为病毒高浓度区。沉积物中吸附的qβ浓度（PFU/g）与水中吸附的qβ浓度（PFU/ml）之比为46.5（ml/g）。

An open channel was used as a micro-ecosystem. The channel water was circulated by a pump and the head space was covered to be a closed system. Mud was put on the bottom of the channel. RNA coliphage Qbeta was used as model virus in the water-sediment micro-ecosystem to investigate the behavior of viruses in the natural water bodies.1. The inactivation rate of coliphage Qbeta was lower in the water-sediment ecosystem than in the water ecosystem. The Qbeta concentration decreased by 10^<-3> times in 96 hours in the ecosystem without sediment, while no such decrease of the Qbeta concentration was observed in the water-sediment ecosystem.2. Viruses in the water-sediment ecosystem could be divided into two categories, free-form viruses and adsorbed viruses. The free-form viruses are suspended viruses in the water phase as individual particles. The adsorbed viruses are attached viruses onto organic or inorganic suspended solids in the water. The concentration of the adsorbed viruses fluctuates with the sedimentation or resuspension of suspended solids.3. The concentration of adsorbed viruses in the sediment was very high in the water-sediment interface region because of the exchange of solids between the water phase and the sediment. Only 1mm-thick region in the water-sediment interface was turned out to be the high-virus-concentration region under the hydraulic condition of average velocity 11.2cm/s and Reynolds number 1550(turbulent flow).4. The ratio of the adsorbed Qbeta concentration in the sediment(PFU/g) and the concentration in the bulk water(PFU/ml) was 46.5(ml/g).