Tannin and its physiological roles in Diospyros species.

日本柿是柿属的一种，分布于热带和亚热带地区，在温带地区分布的种类很少。为了对Dkaki的起源提供线索，我们研究了单宁结构和cpDNA1的系统发育。我们在泰国采集了22种柿属植物，鉴定了19种。这些种是：D.glandulosa、D.Malabarica var.siamensis、D.cauliflora、D.decandra、D.wallichii、D.mollis、D.rodocalyx、D.ehretoides、D.areolata、D.toposia、D.undulata var.crateri、D.Sumatrana、D.cortiflora、D.varegata、D.Castanea、D.montana、D.gracilis、D.pyrrhrupa和D.buxifolia.2。对11种泰国产果实和5种温带产植物的单宁结构进行了研究。对于含有单宁的树种，在单宁结构的B环上测定了邻苯二酚与邻苯三酚的比值。丹皮中邻苯三酚的含量较高，而薄荷、荷花、油茶、毛果、马拉巴变种、斑叶和腺果中的单宁含量较高。苦涩品种的焦性没食子儿茶酚含量较高，而授粉恒定型和非苦涩品种的焦性没食子儿酚含量较低。从包括5个温带种在内的24种植物的成熟叶片中提取总DNA，用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增cpDNA的一个特定区域，用10种限制性内切酶对扩增出的DNA进行RFLP分析。在这些分析中，D.kaki、D.lotus、D.virginiana和D.ehretoides显示了相同的片段DNA图谱，表明它们之间的亲缘关系非常密切。油松毛虫和腺毛果毛虫与毛竹的亲缘关系也较近。

Japanese persimmon is a member of genus Diospyros that distributes in tropical and subtropical regions, and only a few species spread in temperate regions. In order to get a clue for the origin of D.kaki, we studied phylogeny due to tannin structure and cpDNA.1. We collected 22 Diospyros species in Thailand and identified 19 species. These species are D.glandulosa, D.malabarica var.siamensis, D.cauliflora, D.decandra, D.wallichii, D.mollis, D.rhodocalyx, D.ehretioides, D.areolata, D.toposia, D.undulata var.crateri, D.sumatrana, D.confertiflora, D.variegata, D.castanea, D.montana, D.gracilis, D.pyrrhocarpa, and D.buxifolia.2. Eleven species whose fruits collected in Thailand and 5 species native to temperate regions were investigated on their tannin structure. No tannin substances were found in the fruit with D.rombifolia, D.mollis, D.wallichii, and D.montana.As for species which contain tannins, we determined the ratio of catechol to pyrogallol on B-ring of tannin structure. Tannins from D.decandra, D.rhodocalyx, and D.ehretioides had high rates of pyrogallol, while tannins from D.gracilis, D.lotus, D.oleifera, D.virginiana, D.malabarica var.siamensis, D.areolata, and D.glandulosa had high rates of catechol. As for D.kaki, astringent-types had high rates of pyrogallol in contrast with low rates of it in pollination-constant and non-astringent types.3. Total DNA was extracted from mature leaves of 24 species including 5 temperate species, and amplified a special region of cpDNA by PCR.RFLPs were investigated on amplified DNA using 10 restriction enzymes. In these analyzes, D.kaki, D.lotus, D.virginiana, and D.ehretioides showed the same fragmental DNA pattern, indicating a very close relationship among those. D.oleifera and D.glandulosa also had a relatively close relationship to D.kaki.