Ethnological Study of Herders in Siberia

这个研究项目试图展示北半球极地地区的人类是如何适应寒冷气候的。该项目跟踪了生活在萨哈共和国和伊尔库茨克地区山区苔原地区和针叶林地区的埃文人和埃文人，调查了他们除最冷时期外每个季节的驯鹿放牧和狩猎情况。该项目还观察了雅库特人饲养马匹的情况，记录了一些传统抒情歌曲“olonkho”，并对该地区的一些少数民族进行了语言调查。此外，它还调查了西伯利亚东北部苔原上的驯鹿放牧和针叶林上的狩猎活动，并研究了西伯利亚西部涅涅茨人幸存下来的传统生活方式。我们的研究表明，西伯利亚土著人民特有的传统技术和生活方式甚至在苏联时代幸存下来。对近年来工业发展迅速的东西伯利亚和尚未开发的西西伯利亚进行更精确的研究，对于记录人类在如此寒冷的土壤中创造的珍贵而稀有的文化具有至关重要的意义。实施可能的生存战略以保持人民的文化传统将对他们有益，同时它将为我们处理我们今天在世界各地面临的种族和环境问题提供一些关键线索。

This research project is an attempt to show how human beings in the polar regions of in the Northern hemisphere have adjusted themselves to the cold climates. The project followed the Evens and the Evenks living in the mountain tundra region and the taiga region of the Sakha Republic and Irkutsk Region, and investigated their reindeer herding and hunting in every season except for the coldest period.The project also observed horse breeding by the Yakuts, recorded some of the "olonkho, "a traditional lyric, and carried out a linguistic investigation of some minority peoples in the areas.Furthermore, it looked into reindeer herding in the tundra and hunting in the taiga in North-East Siberia, and studied the traditional way of life that has survived among the Nenets in West Siberia.Our research revealed that the traditional techniques and ways of life unique to the indigenous peoples in siberia have survived even through the Soviet era. To make more accurate reserach into East Siberia, which has seen a rapid industrial development in recent years, and West Siberia, which has remained undeveloped, will be of crucial importance in keeping track of the valuable and rare cultures that human beings have created in such cold soil. Implementing possible survival strategies for keeping up the peoples' cultural traditions will be beneficial for them, and at the same time it will give us some key clues in dealing with the racial and environmental problems that we face today in various parts of the world.