Bioactive phytochemicals from African savanna woodland

从生物活性天然产物研究的角度来看，热带非洲森林是世界上最有趣的景点之一。它有丰富的植物物种，这些物种不仅适应气候因素，而且适应复杂的生物相互作用。对于这种适应，化学防御系统可能是一种可行的策略。因此，我们调查了坦桑尼亚稀树草原林地的有用植物，并对其生物活性成分及其生物学或生理学意义进行了化学研究。主要调查于10月27日至22日在位于坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖沿着的马哈尔山国家公园进行，西田博士（京都大学）和他的同事们长期以来一直在进行黑猩猩的社会生态学研究。我们已根据1991年在此进行的调查结果，列出了一些具有生物学和生理学意义的植物。我们也可以选择黑猩猩医学 ...更多信息 与西田博士合作的药用植物。此外，我们还试图从当地人那里收集传统植物使用的信息，我们总共收集了19种植物，其中包括12种黑猩猩药用植物，3种当地药用植物。在所收集的植物中，迄今已鉴定出16个物种。每种提取物都已测试了几种生物活性，例如抗寄生虫活性，包括抗寄生虫、抗疟疾和抗阿米巴活性，几种酶抑制活性，细胞毒性活性，对昆虫和微生物的抗生素活性，以及活性氧生成抑制或清除活性。在10种植物中发现了抗寄生虫活性，其中9种是从黑猩猩Medicila植物中收集的。因此，野生黑猩猩可能经常使用一些植物作为抗寄生虫药物。特别是刺桐、山黄麻、海千金藤、羊柴和扁桃斑鸠菊具有较强的抗染色体活性。在E. abyssinica和Aspilia mossambicensis，抗疟活性被清楚地检测到，抗阿米巴活性也在E. abyssinica。从我们迄今为止广泛研究过的抗寄生虫药V. amygdalina中分离出了新的甾体化合物。这些类固醇的抗寄生虫活性现在正在进行中。结果表明，东北番泻叶和东北番泻叶对芳香化酶具有抑制活性，东北番泻叶和东北番泻叶对超氧阴离子的产生具有抑制活性，东方赤眼蜂对昆虫具有拒食活性。少

Tropical African forest is the one of the most interesting spots in the world from the atandpoint of bioactive natural product research. It is rich in plant species which are adaptive in a coevolution with regard not only to climatic factors but also to complex biological interactions. For such adaptation, a chemical defense system may be one pssible strategy. Thus, we have surveyed useful plants of the savanna woodland of Tanzania, and chemically studied their bioactive constituents as well as the biological or physiological significance. The main survey was conducted on Oct.27th - Oct.22nd at the Mahale Moutains National Park located along Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania, where Dr.Nishida (Kyoto Univ.) and his colleagues have carried out the chimpanzee socioecological study for a long time. We had already listed up some plants of biological and physiological significance, on the basis of the results from the previous survey conducted here in 1991. Also we could well select chimpanzee med … More icinal plants in kind cooperation with Dr.Nishida. Furthermore, we tried to collect informations of tradirional plant-use from native people.We have collected a total of 19 plant species including 12 species of chimpanzee medicinal plant, 3 species of medicinal plant locally used. Among the plants collected, 16 species have thus far identified.Each extract has been tested for several biological activities, e.g.antiparasitic activities including antischistosomal, antimalarial, and antimoebic activities, several enzyme inhibition activities, cyte toxic activities, antibiotic activities against insects and microbials, and active oxygene generation inhibition or scavenging activities. Antiparasitic activities were found in 10 species of plant, and 9 out of these 10 were those collected as chimpanzee medicila plant. Thus, chimpanzee in the wild may often use some plants as antiparasitic medicine. In particular, strong antischistosomal activities were found in Erythrina abyssinica, Trema orientalis, Stephania abyssinica, Combretum molle and Vernonia amygdalina. In E.abyssinica and Aspilia mossambicensis, antimalarial activity was clearly detected, and antiamoebic activity was also in E.abyssinica. From V.amygdalina which we have hitherto extensively studied the antiparasitic agents, new steroids were isolated. The antiparasitic activities of these steroids are now in progress. E.abyssinica and Senna spectabilis showed inhibitory activity of aromatase, Senna spectabilis and S.abyssinica inhibited superoxide anion genaration, and T.orientalis showed insect antifeedant activity. Less