Basic Research on Development of the Next Generational Educational Information Structure and Retrieval System

在本研究项目中，我们的目的是首先通过网络访问美国主要存储在不同部分的教育信息的特点，其次是调查如何使数据库向Web浏览器开放的基本条件，最后在教学材料中建立开放系统的原型。我们将两年的研究成果发表在一份题为《互联网教育应用基础研究》的报告中。1.第一年，我们对美国互联网上开放的K-12教材进行了调查。我们浏览了数千个网站，记录了人文、社会科学、数学和自然科学各个领域的约200个这样的网站，总计约700个。我们对每个领域的10到20个闪闪发光的地点进行了调查，并通过分类和目标描述了特征。我们还调查了…的变化所谓的搜索引擎正在发生更多的变化，并观察到了基本的趋势。在第二个项目年，我们在总结去年调查结果的基础上，更加重视面向网络的开放式教育数据库系统原型的开发。研究和开发的重点是所谓的中间件，即将数据库和浏览器相结合的中介机器人(或代理)，即教育信息客户端。然而，利用Web-SERVER和CGI实现了数据库和浏览器之间的联系，速度成了一个问题。我们利用Oracle的产品开发了一个能够快速找到学习需求和教学内容匹配的中间件，并以5500多门高校的延伸课程作为教学课程和5名学习者，通过性别、年龄和背景的方法尽可能地使他们成为司机，作为对原型的实验评估。在检索和呈现方面，结果总体上是有利的。然而，要使其在实际中使用，还需要进一步的研究和开发。可以肯定的是，开放系统是实现个性化学习系统的有价值的一步，这种个性化学习系统是人们非常渴望的终身学习。通过网络技术将数据库和浏览器之间的努力联系起来，以及通过网络技术在网络的任何地方积累具有教育价值的信息，似乎对人类具有沉浸的价值。就目前而言，TCP/IP将在这一措施中发挥巨大作用。然而，我们的研究表明，要使学习材料与学习者的需求相匹配，还需要进行大量的研究。应加大对中间件的开发力度，以实现最佳匹配和恰当的面向客户的呈现。较少

In this research project we have intended, firstly, to make clear characteristics of educational information that is stored in various part mainly in the United States by making access through network, and, secondly, to investigate basic conditions of how to make databases open to the web browsers, and finally to make prototype open system in the teaching and learning materials. We published the two-year research results in a report, titled as "Basic Research on Educational Uses of Internet."1. In the first year we made a survey on K-12 teaching and learning materials which were open through internet in the United States. We explored thousands of web sites and recorded about two hundred noticeable such sites in each field of humanities, social sciences, mathematics and natural science, which totaled about seven hundred. We investigated ten to twenty glittering sites in each of the fields and described characteristics by classifying types and objectives. We also investigated changes tha … More t are happening in the so-called search engine and observed basic trends.2. In the second project year, in additon to summarizing the findings in the surveys made last year, we have paid greater attention to the development of prototype of open-type educational database system to the network. Major point of research and development was the so-called middle-ware, namely go-between robot (or agent) that combined database and browser, i.e.clients of educatoinal information. However by making use web-server and CGI the relations of the databases and browsers have been actualized, the speed has been a problem. We have developed a middle-ware, by utilizing the Oracle producrts, that is fast enough for finding proper matches between learning needs and teaching lessons.As a way of experimental evaluation of the prototype, we used more than 5500 extension courses of colleges and universities as teaching lessons and five learners, who were made as driverse as possible by means of sex, age, and background. The result were generally favorable with relation to retrieval and presentation. However, to make it usable in actual situation, further research and development should be necessary.In conclusion, it will be safe to say that the open system is a valuable step leading to actualize individualized learning system that is highly sought for with a view to lifelong learning. Linking efforts between databases and browser, as well as accumilating educationally valuable information anywhere in the network, by means of network technology seems to have immerse value for mankind. For the time being the TCP/IP will play a great role in this measure. However, it has been made clear by our research, much research is needed to make the matches of learning materials and learners need. Greater efforts should be put into the development of the middle-ware that will bring the optimal match and proper client oriented presentation. Less