Cognitive Neuropsychological Study for Learning Disability

[目的]利用功能磁共振成像（functional MRI）技术研究阅读障碍与脑功能障碍的关系。[研究对象与方法]选择4名儿童为研究对象，并与正常儿童年龄相匹配。本研究采用10个由14或15个日语音素字母组成的句子作为任务中，10个无意义的数字作为任务外。MRI采用轴位EPI法扫描。使用MEDx软件进行统计学分析（高斯平滑后p<0.05）。[结果]正常对照组左侧大脑半球对应于韦尼克区的第二颞回激活。在阅读障碍中，2名儿童出现左侧额前回激活，2名儿童出现枕叶激活。[讨论]发现了正常儿童和阅读障碍儿童在阅读任务下的差异。在阅读障碍中，观察到两种激活模式。这些结果表明，阅读障碍与大脑功能障碍有关，他们的认知过程可能有几种不同的模式。

【Aim】The aim of this study is to clarify the association between dyslexia and the brain dysfunction using functional MRI analysis.【Subjects and Method】Four dyslexic children and age-matched normal children were nominated. Ten sentences, which were contructed by 14 or 15 Japanese phonemic letters, as on-task and 10 meaningless figures as off-task were employed. MRI was scanned by EPI method using axial section. Statistical analysis (p<0.05 after Gaussian smoothing) was performed using MEDx soft ware.【Results】The second temporal gyrus in left hemisphere, which was correspond to Wernicke's area, was activated in normal controls. In dyslexia, two children showed the activation in left prefrontal gyrus, and two occipital lobe.【Discussion】We found the differences between normal and dyslexic children under the reading task. In dyslexia, two patterns of activation were observed. These results suggest that dyslexia is associated with brain dysfunction and their cognitive process might have several different patterns.