Studies on Local Cultures During the Period of Encounters between Central and Peripheral Cultures : A new Area Studies in a Globalizing World ;

本项目探讨了地方文化的功能及其在全球化世界中不断变化的关系，其中遇到了两个文化社会，即第三世界的“全球中心”和“地方边缘”。新的区域研究应着重探究相关地方文化的价值体系、文化中心与政治中心相互支持的“不完整与不稳定”、文化导向的族群运动等问题。本项目选择纺织品、玻璃珠和皮影戏这三种跨国文化物品作为“载体”，代表文化关系和文化相遇过程中的变化。第一至第二章是寻找新的区域研究的框架。根据该框架，欧洲玻璃珠在16世纪开始渗透到西非地区，表明了中心如何利用当地人对永恒的愿望。第三章和第四章主要讨论了纺织品图案，并对传统图案的意义进行了界定。在中亚，他们的民族服饰“伊卡特”有抵制苏联文化渗透的含义。乌兹别克斯坦Suzani纺织品的“中央圆盘”图案表明，尽管存在伊斯兰文化，但他们对太阳崇拜的古老价值观。第六章表明，世界各国人民倾向于通过非政府组织和志愿协会来坚持自己的文化和大众文化。这种倾向可以在摩洛哥的柏柏尔人的运动、玛雅和恰帕斯少数民族的纺织活动、20世纪40年代以来印加冬至节日Inti Raimi的最近复苏中得到证实。总之，新的区域研究建议将全球-地方-区域方法和比较方法作为研究全球化世界中文化接触过程中的文化关系和影响的工具。

This project examines functions of local cultures and their changing relations in a globalizing world, where encounter two culture-societies, namely "global center" and "local periphery" of the third world. A new area studies should emphasize on inquiry into value systems of local cultures concerned, "incompleteness and unstable" of mutual support of culture center and political center, and culture-oriented ethnic movements.This project selects three transnational cultural objects, textiles, glass beads and shadow puppet theaters as "vehicles" for representing culture relations and changes in a process of cultural encounters.Chapter I-II serves as searching for a framework of new area studies. According to the framework, European glass beads which began to infiltrate into areas of West Africa during sixteenth century, indicated how the center had exploited local people's wishes for eternity.Chapter III-IV concentrates on textiles motifs, and ascertains meanings of traditional motifs. In central Asia, their ethnic dresses of "Ikat" had implications that they resisted against Soviet cultural penetration. And a "central disk" motif of Suzani textile in Uzbekistan indicates their ancient values for sun worship despite of Islamic culture.Chapter V-VI shows that peoples of the world incline to insist their own culture and their popular culture via NGOs and voluntary associations. This inclination can be ascertained in Berber movements of Morocco, minority activities of Maya and Chiapas for ethnic textile weaving, recent resurgence of Inca solsticial festival of Inti Raimi since the 1940s. In conclusion, new area studies suggest global-local-regional approaches and comparative approaches as a tool for examine cultural relations and implications in the process of culture encounters in a globalizing world.