A historical and empirical study about the scientific research system and development of various research institutions in Japan

1.我们对国家和公共研究机构以及私人研究机构、大学附属研究机构进行了数据收集，以研究日本科研体系的一个特点。数据如下：2 .成立年份、各研究所的变化情况、研究目的、研究领域、主要研究主题、研究对象、研究人员人数、预算规模、发表成果、获得专利数量。在收集资料的基础上，对日本科研体系的部署和科研机构的发展进行了比较考察。因此，公共研究机构直到今天仍然保留了作为一个组织的特征，作为一个特定的地方产业培训的考试/研究目的，这源于明治时代的产业促进。昭和前期研究机构的数量较大正时期有所增加。研究机构在战争结束后达到了增长的高峰，之后这些机构继续增长。研究领域多为工程、工业技术。地方特产资源和传统技术的研究机构很多。开发机构对北海道、九州、冲绳等地有特殊的政策，研究机构的数量比人口多。而东北、赤南、四国的研究机构数量较少。一个全国性的研究机构有一个研究所，它起源于明治初期。然而，我关注的是20世纪50年代到60年代经济高速增长时期研究机构数量的增加。许多全国性的研究机构最近都增加了。在经济高速增长时期，民间研究机构的增长幅度最大。在80年代和90年代突然增加了。许多东西都是材料、能源、化学、医药、机械、VAIO等领域的研究对象。在研究人员的数量上，绝大多数少于100人。但是，我们不是阶段性地去描述一个结论，因为一个研究所的跌宕起伏，跌宕起伏，变化剧烈。我们只是指出，日本的技术政策和研究所的发展是不一致的。少

1.We performed data collection about national and public research organizations and private research organizations, University attached research institutions to examine a characteristic of the Japanese scientific research system.2.The data were as follows.The foundation year, the change of each research institute, a study purpose, a research field, a main study theme, a study object, the number of the researchers, a budget scale, a publication, the acquisition patent number.3.Based on collected data, I did comparison examination about deployment of scientific research system of Japan, and development of research institutions.4.As a result, public research organizations has left till today the feature as an organization made into the examination/research purpose of specific local industry training which has origin in promotion of industry of Meiji era. And the number of the research organizations increased in early period of Showa from Taisho period. and research organizations reached a … More peak of increase just after war and then organizations continued increasing afterwards. Most of research field were engineering, industrial technology. There were many research organizations about resources of a local special product and traditional technology. There has been a special policy by development agencies about Hokkaido, Kyushu Okinawa, and there is much number of research organizations in comparison with population. However, Tohoku, Chyugoku, Shikoku have little number of the research organizations.5.A national research organization has a research institute having the origin in the Meiji early years. However, I concentrate increase of the number of the research institutes in the days of high economic growth of from 1950's to 60's today of 2000's. Many of national research organizations were recent increase.6.The most of a private research organization increased for the high economic growth period.They suddenly increased in 80's and 90's. Many things were material, energy chemistry, medicine, machine, VAIO in a research field. There are overwhelmingly many less than 100 on a scale of the number of the researchers. However, we are not stages to describe a conclusion because ups and downs of a research institute, the ups and downs, a change are intense.We point out only that a Japanese technology policy and development of a research institute are not conformal. Less