A Study on Memory of Places in the Old Age

本文对老年人的局部区域和日常环境记忆进行了探讨，即地方记忆。由于记忆力和身体机能的衰退，人们在老年时容易出现地点和行为不匹配的问题，这可能会导致Q0L的严重下降。我们的目标是通过对现实世界中记忆的研究来解决这个问题。在这里，我们首先努力回顾心理学领域关于日常记忆的文章，不幸的是，这些文章揭示了这一领域的相对未知领域。我们的第一个结果是对这个未知领域的系统回顾。随后，我们进行了2项调查：1)通过看照片的方式调查老年人的反应，其中包括他们所在地区的场景；2)调查养老院和集体之家的环境，以及痴呆症老年人的认知错误。根据前一调查（第二章）的结果，我们发现了被试语言化内容的倾向，以及地点记忆与回忆的关系。然后，从后一项调查的结果（第3章）中，我们发现一些显著的认知错误应该是由环境中的某些物理因素引起的。我们希望调查的结果能对改善当地环境和爱护当地环境有所贡献。调查2将有助于改善老年人在制度环境中的生活。

In this paper, we provide discussion on memory of the aged people concerning local area and everyday environment, i.e. place memory. Because of the decline of memory as well as the physical function, people tend to suffer from mismatching problem between places and their behavior in the old age, which might cause the serious decrease of Q0L. We aim at dealing with this problem through our studies on memory in the real world.Here, we first make an effort to review the articles on the everyday memory in the field of psychology, which, unfortunately, revealed relative terra-incognita around this area. Our first outcome is systematic review into this terra-incognita. We then conducted the 2 surveys : 1) survey on the responses of aged people by looking photographs which included scenes of their local area, 2) survey on the environment of nursing homes and group homes, and cognitive errors of elderly people with dementia. From the result of the former survey (chapter 2), we found the tendency of contents of subjects' verbalization, and the relationship between place memory and reminiscences. Then, from the result of the latter survey (chapter 3), we found that some significant cognitive errors were supposed to be caused by a certain physical factors in the environment.We hope the result of the survey 1 will contribute to the improvement of local environment and care in local environment. And the survey 2 will contribute to the improvement of living in the institutional environment in old age.