Ecology and pandemic planning of animal influenza virus

H5N1高致病性禽流感(HPAI)病毒已在东南亚的家禽中传播到北部、欧洲和非洲。我们一直在进行全球禽流感监测，并评估H5病毒分离株对禽类和哺乳动物的致病性。2006年，从水禽粪便样本中分离到55株强毒禽流感病毒。结果显示，2006年蒙古国的H5N1分离株之间亲缘关系密切，被归类为“青海湖”H5N1病毒群，包括欧洲、地中海、非洲和亚洲国家的分离株。天鹅/蒙古/06(H5N1)病毒导致鸭患严重疾病，死亡率为30%。该病毒在猪的上呼吸道复制，没有任何临床症状。研制了H5和H7流感病毒抗原快速检测试剂盒，并在实验感染HPAI病毒的鸡身上观察了该试剂盒的效果。结果表明，这些抗原检测试剂盒是诊断H5和H7病毒引起的流感的有用工具。

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has spread in poultry from Southeast Asia to the north, Europe, and Africa. We have been conducting global surveillance of avian influenza and the assessment of pathogenicity of the H5 virus isolates in birds and mammals. In 2006, 55 avirulent avian influenza viruses were isolated from fecal sample of water birds. Thus, avian influenza viruses of 133 combinations of HA and NA subtypes have been stocked for use in vaccine and diagnosis.It was revealed that the H5N1 isolates in Mongolia in 2006 were closely related to each other and classified into the cluster of "Qinghai Lake" H5N1 viruses including those isolated in European, Mediterranean, African, and Asian countries. Swan/Mongolia/06 (H5N1) caused severe disease in ducks with 30% mortality. This virus replicated in upper respiratory tracts of pigs without any clinical signs.Rapid antigen detection kits for H5 and H7 influenza viruses were developed and their efficacy was investigated in the chickens experimentally infected with HPAI viruses. The results indicated that these antigen detection kits are useful tool for the diagnosis of influenza caused by H5 and H7 viruses.