Restoration of the visual function by electrical stimulation to the neural column

1.电刺激对大鼠视觉皮层行为的影响采用切除双侧视神经的方法建立大鼠失明模型。在视觉皮层的IV层插入针电极。电刺激视觉皮层会减少探索行为，但对感觉运动皮层没有影响。这些结果表明，对视觉皮层的电刺激起到了感觉刺激的作用。用微多电极记录大鼠视觉皮层时，比较了视网膜电刺激和皮层电刺激。联合PSTH分析显示，光刺激和电刺激诱发的尖峰之间的功能连通性在空间分布上具有部分相似性3。采用经颅磁刺激（TMS）对健康受试者和严重视觉障碍患者进行了枕皮质多磁刺激（TMS）。定量测量诱导视觉感觉。提供单一或重复刺激。在健康受试者中，重复性经颅磁刺激诱导的视觉感觉一致，其位置和特征与基本的神经解剖学结果一致。将此方法应用于皮质性视觉假体的适应症还需进一步研究。应用合成孔径磁强计（SAM）对健康受试者和视觉障碍患者进行广角模式反转刺激引起的局部振荡变化，建立对视觉功能的评价。对象限油田增产中的最佳增产进行了研究。在健康受试者的视觉皮层中一致表现出伽马同步和α / β非同步，而峰值振荡变化的位置和频率由于病变而敏感地转移。需要进一步改进，以建立象限油田增产

1.Behavioral changes during electrical stimulation on the rat visual cortexA blind rat model was made by resecting bilateral optic nerves. A needle electrode was inserted in the IV layer of the visual cortex. Exploring behavior was decreased by electrical stimulation to the visual cortex but not to the sensorimotor cortex. These results suggested that the electrical stimulation to the visual cortex acts as sensory stimulation2.Electrical stimulation and recording from a micro-multielectrode using ratsPhotic retinal stimulation and electrical cortical stimulation were compared during recording the rat's visual cortex using a micro-multielectrode. Single pulse electrical stimulation to the primary visual cortex evoked the spikes around the visual cortex Joint PSTH analyses revealed that the functional connectivity between the evoked spikes had partial similarity in spatial distribution between photic stimulation and electrical stimulation3.Visual sensation induced by occipital transcrani … More al magnetic stimulation (TMS)TMS to the occipital cortex was performed for healthy subjects and patients with severe visual disturbance. Induced visual sensation was measured quantitatively. Single or repetitive stimuli were delivered. In healthy subjects, visual sensations were consistently induced by repetitive TMS, and their locations and characteristics were well concordant with basic neuro-anatomical findings. Further investigation would be needed to apply this method to the indication of cortical visual prosthesis4.Synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) of the visual cortexTo establish the evaluation of the cerebral visual function, local oscillatory changes induced by wide-visual-angle pattern reversal stimulation using SAM for healthy subjects and patients with visual disturbance. Optimal stimulation in quadrant field stimulation was also investigated. Gamma synchronization and alpha/beta desynchronization were consistently demonstrated in the visual cortex in healthy subjects, whereas the location and frequency of the peak oscillatory changes were sensitively shifted due to the lesion. Further improvement would be needed to establish quadrant field stimulation Less