Diachronic Changes and Panchronic Universal Properties of Constructions and Grammatical Categories in Chinese-a Reconstruction of Historical Chinese Grammar

不用说，今天在现代汉语中可以找到的各种语法范畴或语法结构的语义/结构属性并不都存在于以前的汉语中。其中，一些是从古代传承到现代的泛时代物业，而另一些物业在存在之前经历了各种变化。在这个项目中，五位研究者参考了近年来现代汉语研究中对各种语法范畴/结构的意义和结构的突出分析，详细考察了不同时代的图片，并讨论了发现，目的是澄清每个时代之间的差异和这些变化背后的机制。同时，这个项目的目的也是为了找出汉语自古以来一直保持不变的普遍属性，明确确实存在具有全局性功能的语法/语义范畴，并调查促成这些分类的相关参数。在这个从2004年开始的项目中，五名具有相同目的的研究人员考察了一系列主题，如语序、语态和体，通过对一手数据的仔细分析，揭示了不同时代汉语的情况。研究结果，包括期末报告中的分析，提供了重要的描述性数据和理论基础，展示了汉语语法在历时变化中的多样性，以及它所具有的泛普遍属性。因此，这些结果有助于汉语历史语法的重建。

It is needless to say that the semantic/structural properties of the various grammatical categories or grammatical constructions that can be found in modern Chinese today did not all exist in Chinese of previous times. Among them, some are panchronic properties that were passed down from the ancient era to modern days, whereas other properties have experienced various changes before their existence today. In this project five researchers refer to the outstanding analysis in recent studies of modern Chinese regarding the meaning and structure of the various grammatical categories/constructions, examine the pictures of different times in detail and discuss the findings, all together with the intention to clarify the differences between each era and the mechanism behind these changes. At the same time, this project is also aimed at finding out the universal properties of Chinese, which have stayed constant since ancient times, making it explicit that grammatical/semanticcategories that function panchronically do exist, and investigating the related parameters that motivated these categorizations.In this project, which we started in 2004, five researchers that commonly share the previously-mentioned purposes examined a series of topics, such as word order, voice and aspect, in each one's designated era With a careful analysis of the first-hand data, we have revealed the situation of Chinese in different eras. The results, including the analyses written in the final report, provide important descriptive data as well as theoretical foundations by demonstrating the variety of Chinese grammar in its diachronic changes and also the panchronic universal properties that it possesses. Therefore, these results can contribute to the reconstruction of historical Chinese grammar.