Immunotoxicological evaluation of fish neutrophil exposed with chemical contaminations

(1)从罗非鱼鱼鳔中分离出中性粒细胞，用氯化镉处理3小时，测定中性粒细胞吞噬酵母多糖的活性和活性氧。用E.在暴露于氯化镉（1x10^<-4>M）后，罗非鱼中性粒细胞在氯化镉浓度下的存活率分别为98%（0 M）、86%（1 × 10 ^<-4>M）、95%（1 × 10 ^<-5>M）和96%（1 × 10 ^<-6>M）。死细胞经常显示出破碎的细胞核。该组的吞噬活性在统计学上较低（1x10^<-4>M），所有三个暴露组中约10%的活性氧下降。感染E.在接触氯化镉后，(2)幼鱼（孵化后4天）暴露于两种浓度（a）废水标准和（B）环境标准的氯化镉和铬（III）中96小时，然后用E.评价重金属免疫毒理学效应。暴露于环境标准（0.01 ppm）的氯化镉和废水（2.0 ppm）和环境标准（0.2 ppm）的铬的浓度的鱼在与对照鱼相同的时间范围内开始死亡。死鱼鳃上皮细胞呈典型的固缩现象，E.用抗E. tarda抗体染色。

(1) Neutrophil isolated from tilapia swim bladder was exposed with cadmium chloride for three hours and zymosan phagocytic activity and active oxygen of the neutrophil was measured. Mortality was monitored on challenged medaka and zebrafish with E. tarda after exposing to cadmium chloride (1x10^<-4> M). Tilapia neutrophil survival rates in the concentrations of cadmium chloride were 98% (0 M), 86% (1x10^<-4> M), 95% (1x10^<-5> M) and 96% (1x10^<-6> M). Dead cells frequently showed fragmented nuclei. Phagocytic activity was statistically lower in the group (1x10^<-4> M)and approximately 10% of active oxygen declined in all three exposed groups. No mortality rate was observed in medaka and zebra fish infected with E. tarda after the exposure to cadmium chloride.(2) Juvenile fish (4 days after hatch) was exposed in two concentrations (a)waste water standard and (b)environmental standard of cadmium chloride and chromium(III) for 96 hours, then challenged with E. tarda to evaluate immunotoxicological effect of heavy metals. Fish exposed with the concentrations of the environmental standard (0.01 ppm) of cadmium chloride and waste water (2.0 ppm) and environmental standards (0.2 ppm) of chromium started dying at the same time range with control fish after challenged with E tarda. Gill epithelium cells in dead fish showed typical pycnosis and same degree of E. tarda cell numbers detecting with anti-E. tarda antibody staining.