Research on the Early Modem Sweden and the Baltic World in Stockholm's Perspective

本研究旨在分析17世纪瑞典“权力国家”形成的政治、经济和社会条件。为此，我将重视斯德哥尔摩。将瑞典的建国过程与斯德哥尔摩的发展过程联系起来，是考察瑞典波罗的海帝国诸多问题的有效方法。旨在勾勒出一幅受瑞典影响较大的波罗的海世界图景，其结果主要有以下三点。最快的办法是分析斯德哥尔摩在成为首都之前的发展。在这个包括芬兰在内的王国里，大多数人都是欧洲城市化程度最低的国家之一。但斯德哥尔摩是一个特殊的港口城市，因为它与外国进行贸易，而德国汉斯需要高质量的瑞典铁。在16世纪，王室试图根据政府的规定控制瑞典臣民之间的未经授权的贸易。因为王国商业的一个显著特点是活跃的农民贸易占主导地位。皇室试图将这种贸易不是放在农村地区，而是放在城镇内，以对商业征税。其次，我考察了斯德哥尔摩在17世纪上半叶快速发展的原因。随着监管王国对外贸易的需要出现，王室试图通过商业条例创建一个主要城镇系统。最后，我将综合这样的瑞典经历如何对波罗的海世界产生影响？这一管制政策不仅使斯德哥尔摩的贸易显著增加，而且瑞典市场与欧洲贸易体系的联系也越来越紧密。铁发展了国家，使这个港口城市富裕起来。然而，在这背后，是荷兰对瑞典采矿业的强大贡献。

The purpose of this research is to analyze political, economic and social preconditions of the Swedish 'power state' in the 17th century. For it I'll attach importance to Stockholm. It is an effective method to examine many problematics about the Swedish Baltic Empire through linking the process of the state-formation of Sweden together that of growth of Stockholm. Thereby it is aimed at giving at a picture of the Baltic World which Sweden gave a great impact to.The result of it is mainly the three following points. The fast is to analyze the development of Stockholm before it became a capital city. Most people in the kingdom inclusive Finland was one of the least urbanized countries of Europe. But Stockholm was an exceptional port-city for it traded with foreign countries and German hanse needed high quality of Swedish iron. During the 16th century the Crown attempted to control the unauthorized trade among the Swedish subjects under the governmental regulation. Because a distinguishing feature on commerce in the kingdom was a predominance of active peasant trade. The Crown tried to put this trade not in the rural areas but within the towns to impose taxations on commerce. Secondly I've examined the reasons for the rapid growth of Stockholm in the first half of the 17th century. As the need to supervise foreign trade in the kingdom arised, the Crown attempted to create a staple town system through Commerce Ordinances. Lastly I'll synthesize how such a Swedish Experience gave influence to the Baltic World? Not only made this regulation policy Stockholm's commerce increased markedly, but the Swedish market was also becoming more connected with European trading system. Iron developed the country and made the port-city affluent. Behind this, however, there was the strong Dutch contributions to the Swedish mining industry.