Comparative study on the theory of the civil society and the welfare state in civil law

民法以公民自由、自由和平等为前提的市民社会，同时以保护私有财产和尊重契约自由为基础的市场经济体制，是市场经济体制的基础。西欧国家和日本的政治目标都是实现福利社会，尽管实现程度不同，可能因国家而异。战后初期的日本民法理论，主要集中在劳动关系中的废除半封建雇佣关系的法律的问题，农村社会中的佃农与共有权问题，城市中的地主与佃农问题。当时日本的民事律师要实现日本社会的现代化，实现公民的自由和平等。公民权利或法律与社会权利或法律的比较成为讨论的主题。 ...更多信息 他们支持公民维护自由和平等的要求和运动，并试图为公民社会和福利社会的发展建立法律的理论。到20世纪60年代末，大多数西方国家和日本都实现了福利社会的构想，但到了70年代，由于政府削减开支，福利国家计划开始衰落。20世纪90年代，由于经济全球化的发展，福利国家的重新整合和重构成为必然。在政治理论和社会学领域，人们不再坚持国家统一的理念，而是提出了共存和团结的新理念，并引入了社会排斥和社会包容的概念，从而形成了公民权理论。民法理论界大多集中精力于为促进经济活动而建立法律的规则。他们主要讨论了市场经济体制的法律的基础建设问题。其次，强调自我决定和自我责任。试图将福利要素纳入民法、实现社会正义和平等的法律的理论似乎从民法的主流中消失了。本研究试图根据政治学和社会学的最新发展，重构民法理论，以实现将福利要素纳入民法的市民社会，考察了战后民法理论的发展历程，并试图分析福利本位民法理论的理论结构。少

Civil law presupposes the civil society which is based on the civil liberty, freedom and equality, and at the same time, forms the foundation of market economy system which is based on the protection of private property and respect for the freedom of contract.Since the end of world war second, the political objective of both Western European countries and Japan has been an accomplishment of the welfare society although the degree of realization may differ from country to country. Japanese civil law theory during the early post war period, concentrated on the legal problems of the abolishment of semi-feudalistic employment relationship in labor relation, on agrarian tenants and right to commons in rural society, and on landlord and tenants in urban cities. Civil lawyers in Japan at that time wanted to modernize Japanese society, and to achieve a realization of civil liberty and equality. A comparison of the civil right, or law and the social right, or law became a main theme of discussi … More on. They supported demands and movements of citizens for the protection of freedom and equality, and intended to establish legal theory for the advancement of civil and welfare society.By the end of 1960's, most of western countries and Japan accomplished the idea of welfare society, however, during the 1970's, owing to government expenditure cuts, the welfare state programs started to decline. During the 1990's, because of the globalization of economy, there arises a necessity to reorganize and reconstruct the welfare state.In the fields of political theory and sociology, instead of the idea of unification of national, new ideas, such as coexistence and solidarity were proposed, concepts of a social exclusion and an inclusion were used, in order to form the theory of citizenship.In recent days, however, most of civil law theorists concentrated to establish legal rules for the promotion of economic activities. They mainly discussed on the question of the formulation of legal infrastructure for market economy system. Then, they emphasized self decision and self responsibility. The legal theory which tried to encompass welfare elements into civil law and to achieve social justice and equality seemed to disappeared from the main stream of civil law.In this research, based on recent developments in political theory and sociology, the investigator intends to reconstruct civil law theory to achieve civil society which includes welfare elements into civil law, examines the history of post war civil law theory and tries to analyze theoretical structure of welfare orientated civil law theory. Less