The effects of introduction of shared leadership system upon formation and reinforcement of team competency

本研究旨在从社会心理学的角度探讨组织团队引入共享领导制度对团队胜任力形成和强化的影响。在项目的第一年，我在医院、发电站和某铁路公司等组织领域进行了问卷调查、实地考察和访谈调查。然后考察了在组织团队中引入共享领导制度的合理和现实的程序。在行动研究活动中，我观察了电站操作员团队的团队合作培训过程，考察了培训前后团队合作和领导行为方面的变化。第二年，我调查了大型综合医院护士团队引入共享领导制度的效果。因变量包括团队导向、团队领导、监控、反馈、支持和共同工作安排等团队合作要素、共享心智模型、团队认同、工作满意度和工作压力。这些测量是在引入之前进行的，并在引入后的六个月内每月进行一次。结果表明，护士团队在团队导向、工作满意度、工作压力等方面存在正向变化，而在其他团队要素、共享心理模型等方面没有明显的变化，说明在护士团队中引入共享领导制度对团队工作的心理方面有显著的影响。但是，与此同时，可以说，这种方式不足以有效地培养团队合作行为和团队能力。我们应该综合运用多种方法，制定复合型团队管理战略。最后，我讨论了设计有效团队管理的方法，并提出了建议。(287字)

This study was intended to explore the effects of introduction of shared leadership system into the organizational teams upon formation and reinforcement of team competency from the view point of social psychology.During the first year of this project, I conducted a questionnaire survey, field works, and an interview survey in the organizational field such as hospitals, power houses, and a railroad company. Then I examined the reasonable and realistic procedure to introduce the shared leadership system into organizational teams. In the action research activities, I observed the teamwork training processes of power house operators' teams and examined the aspects of change appeared in teamwork and leadership behaviors before and after the training.During the second year, I investigated the effects of the introduction of the shared leadership system into nurse teams in big general hospital. Dependent variables were teamwork elements consisted of team orientation, team leadership, monitoring, feedback, supporting, and mutual job arrangements), shared mental models, team identification, job satisfaction, and job stresses. The measurements were conducted just before and once per month during six months after the introduction. The sequential examination showed positive transformations in team orientation of teamwork, job satisfaction, and job stress, whereas no lucid transformation could be seen in other teamwork elements, shared mental models, and so on.These results implies that introduction of shared leadership system into nurse teams had efficient effects on psychological aspects of teamwork. But, at the same time, it can be said that such manner is not effective enough to nurture teamwork behaviors and team competency. We should devise compound team management strategy by using of multiple approaches. In conclusion, I discussed the methodology to devise effective team management and made a proposal for it. (287 words)