Physiological study on the periodic hormone secretion and reception in insects

研究了拟分泌肽靶标活性与神经分泌细胞电(分泌)活性之间的关系。每个胸腹神经节都含有一对对直肠肽和FMRFamide免疫反应阳性的运动神经元。每个运动神经元支配一块巨大的对侧腹肌。电刺激腹侧神经索引起腹肌的大幅收缩。在盐水浴中加入普罗托林显著增强了肌肉的收缩。单独应用FMRF酰胺对肌肉无影响，但可阻断直肠肽对腹肌收缩的增强作用。结果提示，腹肌可能是运动神经元和神经分泌细胞周期性释放神经肽的主要靶点。斑潜蝇腹肌周期性收缩产生周期性…血淋巴压力变化较大，峰值约为20毫米汞柱。使用印度墨水对腿部的血淋巴电流进行了可视化，揭示了压力脉冲的作用，以及一种新颖而复杂的腿部循环机制，该机制配备了三个血液淋巴流动通道(一个向心通道和两个向心通道)和一个位于转子-股骨关节的瓣膜。离心通道内瓣膜的结构在早期发育过程中由颞蛹型发育为成虫型。除了神经分泌细胞和发育中的飞行肌肉外，发育中的所有腿的胫伸肌在蛹期都是电活动的，肌肉活动的活动期与周期性发生的腹部泵送活动密切协调。这些结果表明，许多神经元、激素和发育活动在超常的时间尺度上是有节律性的，它们与蚕蛹的血淋巴循环密切相关。较少

Relationship between electrical (secretory) activity of neurosecretory cells and activity of putative targets for the secretory peptides was examined in the pupae of tenebrionid beetle Zophobas atratus. Each thoracic and abdominal ganglion contained a pair of motoneurons that was immunoreactive to proctolin and FMRFamide. Each motoneuron innervated a large, contralateral abdominal muscle. Electrical stimulation of the ventral nerve cord evoked a large contraction of the abdominal muscles. Proctolin added to the saline bath significantly potentiated the evoked contraction of the muscles. FMRF amide applied singly had no effect on the muscles, but it blocked the proctolin-induced potentiation of abdominal muscle contractions. The result suggested that abdominal muscles might be a candidate of major targets for neuropeptides which were periodically released from the motoneurons and neurosecretory cells. Periodic abdominal muscle contractions in the pupae of Z. atratus produced a periodic … More change in the hemolymph pressure with a peak amplitude of approximately 20 mmHg. Visualization of hemolymph currents in the legs using Indian ink revealed a function of the pressure pulses and a novel and complex circulatory mechanism of legs that was equipped with three hemolymph-flow channels (1 centrifugal and 2 centripetal) and a valve flap at the trochanteral-femoral joint. Structure of the valve flap in the centrifugal channel was developmentally changed from a temporal pupal type to a general adult type during the early pupal period. In addition to the neurosecretory cells and developing flight muscles, developing tibial extensor muscles of all legs were electrically active during the pupal period and an active phase of the muscle activity closely coordinated with periodically occurring abdominal pumping activity. The results suggest that many neuronal, hormonal and developmental activities are rhythmic on an ultradian time scale and they are closely related the hemolymph circulation in the pupa. Less