NEGATIVE COGNITION DEPRESSION--ETIOLOGY AND COURSE

在评估研究，以测试绝望理论和贝克的理论， 我们得出了一个非常令人不安的结论： 用于测试这些理论的研究策略并没有提供足够的 测试他们的基本假设，并可能产生误导的结果， 调查人员对其有效性进行了调查。我们认为， 过去的研究策略部分是由于研究人员的失败， 理解因果关系的各种方法论含义， 作为一种推论， 抑郁症之间可能存在的异质性。的确， 研究人员没有意识到这些认知理论实际上 假设在自然界中存在一种尚未确定的 抑郁症-“消极认知抑郁症。“因此， 这项合作赠款是为了提供一个更强大的测试， 绝望理论和贝克理论的病因预测 以及随后的负面认知抑郁症过程， 抑郁症的亚型 为此，我们计划进行一项为期两年的大规模前瞻性研究 旨在测试认知理论的病因学假设， 萧条在脆弱性研究中，420名目前没有抑郁的人， 处于高、中或低水平的非精神病理学个体 根据他们的认知方式， 前瞻性研究2年，每月一次，独立和盲法 自我报告和访谈评估的压力生活事件，认知 和精神状态/精神病学，以预测发作， 抑郁症的后续复发/复发。 这些研究将有助于科学地了解 情感性精神障碍的一个子集的病因学，更有效的疾病分类学 抑郁症和干预措施的发展， 治疗和预防抑郁症的负性认知亚型。

In evaluating research to test the hopelessness theory and Beck's theory of depression, we have arrived at a very disturbing conclusion: the various research strategies used to test these theories do not provide an adequate test of their basic postulates and may produce results that mislead investigators about their validities. In our view, the problems associated with past research strategies result, in part, from investigators' failure to appreciate the full methodological implications of the kinds of causal relations specified in the cognitive theories and, as a corollary, the heterogeneity that may exist among the depressive disorders. Indeed, researchers have not appreciated that these cognitive theories actually hypothesize the existence in nature of an,as yet, unidentified subtype of depression - "negative cognition depression."Thus, the overarching goal of this collaborative grant is to provide a more powerful test of the hopelessness theory's and Beck's theory's predictors regarding the etiology and subsequent course of negative cognition depression and a validation of this subtype of depression. To this end we plan to conduct a large scale, two-year prospective study designed to test the etiological hypotheses of the cognitive theories of depression. In the Vulnerability Study, 420 currently nondepressed, non-psychopathological individuals who are at either high, medium or low risk for depression based on their cognitive styles will be followed prospectively for 2 years, on a monthly basis, with independent and blind self-report and interview assessments of stressful life events, cognitions and psychiatric status/symptomatology in order to predict onsets and subsequent relapses/recurrences of depression. These studies will contribute to the scientific understanding of the etiology of a subset of the affective disorders, to a more valid nosology of the depressive disorders and to the development of interventions for treating and preventing the negative cognition subtype of depression.