BEHAVIORAL AND HORMONAL RESPONSES TO STRESS IN CHILDREN

描述(改编自申请人摘要)：这是一份申请 第二届NIMH K02奖。申请人的研究涉及到 幼儿应激的心理生物学，强调儿童的活动 对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(HPA)系统有足够的了解 然而，童年压力的心理生物学的研究需要整合 我们对人类发展中的心理社会过程的丰富理解， 随着我们对多重应激敏感生理学的理解不断加深 系统。第一个K02阶段的大部分时间都花在开发上 协作关系和初级专业知识，使我能够 获得为期5年的资金，以测试 (气质-应对资源-压力)应激的心理生物学模型 童年。根据这个模型，一种“应激反应”气质( 其生物成分通过基线脑电不对称性进行评估， 迷走神经张力、基础HPA活动和ERP的阳性晚期成分) 影响儿童将事件感知为潜在事件的可能性 具有威胁性。然而，生理应激反应的激活 (心脏、HPA和免疫)被推定为遵循以下预期 威胁就会变成现实。调节这些反应的是应对资源 (个人和情况因素)可供儿童使用。建议进行的研究 旨在整合三大文献：(1)生理学 婴幼儿气质，(2)社会情绪发展，包括 依恋研究，以及(3)婴幼儿应激的心理生物学研究。 本职业生涯规划强调有必要将这项研究扩展到 儿童健康问题(例如，压力-免疫功能-传染病) 儿科研究(即疼痛调节、绞痛)，高危人群 (即，虐待儿童、早期剥夺(和包括其他系统 在调节压力方面很重要(即，睡眠是一个过程变量)。 前期工作，协作关系(与T.Boyce，R.Barr，R.Dahl， S.Suomi，M.Carlson，D.Cicchetti)和导频数据被描述为支持 需要发布时间以加强对这些相关的培训和研究 区域。儿童发展研究所和明尼苏达大学 为求职者的职业发展提供丰富的资源。这个 学院完全致力于这一奖项，这在上一届K02中得到了证明 句号。候选人将继续能够投入80%的时间 以最小的教学负担和额外的旅行支持进行研究 以及大学内外合作的发展。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): This is an application for a 2nd NIMH K02 award. The applicant's research has dealt with the psychobiology of stress in young children, emphasizing activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system an adequate understanding of the psychobiology of stress in childhood, however, requires integration of our rich understanding of psychosocial processes in human development, with our emerging understanding of multiple stress-sensitive physiological systems. Much of the first K02 period has been spend developing collaborative relations and beginning expertise that has allowed me to obtain funding for a 5-year period to test an integrative (temperament-coping resources-stress) psychobiologic model of stress in childhood. According to this model, a "stress reactive" temperament (the biological components of which are assessed through baseline EEG asymmetry, vagal tone, basal HPA activity, and positive late components of the ERP) influences the child's likelihood of perceiving events as potentially threatening. However, activation of physiological stress reactions (cardiac, HPA, and immune) are presumed to follow from expectations that the threat will be realized. Mediating these reactions are the coping resources (person and situation factors) available to the child. The proposed studies are designed to integrate 3 major literatures: (1) the physiology of infant/child temperament, (2) socioemotional development, including attachment research, and (3) psychobiologic studies of infant/child stress. This Career Plan emphasizes the need to extend this research to the study of child health (e.g. stress-immune functioning-infectious disease) issues in pediatric research (i.e., pain regulation, colic), high risk populations (i.e., maltreated children, early deprivation(, and to include other systems important in the regulation of stress (i.e., sleep as a process variable). Preliminary work, collaborative relations (with T. Boyce, R. Barr, R. Dahl, S. Suomi, M. Carlson, D. Cicchetti), and pilot data are described to support need for release time to enhance training and research into these related areas. The Institute of Child Development and the University of Minnesota provide rich resources for the candidate's career development. The institute is fully committed to this award as evidenced in the last K02 period. The candidate's would continue to be able to commit 80 percent time to research, with a minimal teaching load and additional support for travel and the development of collaborations within and without the university.