Learning from science communication's past: a historically informed approach to reciprocity, citizenship & diversity in a social contract for science

本项目将探索科学史的方法，特别是科学史的方法，如何使科学传播的方法得到新的增强和更具包容性。通过借鉴过去关于有效和无效的科学传播模式的经验教训，该项目将探索更多创造性的、开放式的与社区接触的方式，而不是这些项目通常所达到的方式，重点是实现科学与社会之间有效的双向互惠互动的途径。它将汇集来自各个领域的学者和实践者，以解决有关科学和科学传播的文化、哲学和历史背景的问题，这些问题与英国不同的受众和社区有关，并将其与这些社区的更广泛的全球文化背景联系起来。这将包括那些从事历史和科学哲学、科学传播、社区凝聚力和媒体专业人员的工作。除了这个专业的网络活动，团队将与英国和国际青年团体进行焦点小组工作，以评估对社区认同的看法，包括信仰认同，与最近的科学争议有关，正在进行的关于科学与其他文化观点之间的感知冲突的辩论。科学传播如何从它的过去中学习，以便能够更敏感、更有效地与迄今为止几乎没有与它接触过的、或者实际上感到与它疏远的不同群体接触？研究科学和科学传播话语的过去发展，为我们提供了跨越人文和科学的综合方法的机会，以解决公众对气候变化、表观遗传学和基因组学、进化论、神经科学和人工智能等关键领域的看法中当前和未来的争议。近年来，在英国，“科学”与不同群体（包括信仰群体）的世界观之间关系的一个特别有问题的特征是，越来越多的民粹主义观念认为科学不可避免地是无神论的。同样，在国际背景下，“西方科学”有时被多元文化批评家极端地归类为“基督教科学”，或者在英国的情况下，被那些来自流散遗产的人在方法、方法论或世界观上归类为“帝国主义”。我们在这里可以清楚地看到，科学的历史传播与科学关键思想传播的地理路线之间存在着一致性。一个关键的例子是“达尔文主义”：无论是在历史上还是在全球背景下，对它的推广和接受都是通过一系列不同的文化、意识形态和政治镜头过滤的。这对今天对进化科学和相关科学研究的看法产生了重大的，但往往不是有益的影响。因此，该项目详细研究了过去的科学传播如何为加强互惠对话提供经验教训，从而在英国文化中科学家和其他受众之间建立新的社会契约。为了解决这些问题，该项目将建立一个基于公众焦点小组工作的网络，与相关的“难以接触”的社区团体合作，利用英国与国际和英国合作伙伴和参与者举行的为期两到三天的开放式创新研讨会。总的结果将是一份综合报告，其中提出以下建议：未来可能的多学科研究主题或项目提案草案2。与学者、政策影响者、媒体专业人士和从业人员就未来可能的知识转移项目提出建议或建议3。对任何未来项目产生影响的潜在途径

This project will explore how approaches from the history of science, and especially of the history of its communication, can benefit and feed into to a freshly enhanced and more inclusive approach to science communication. By drawing upon past lessons concerning effective and ineffective modes of science communication, this project will explore more creative, open-ended ways of engaging with communities beyond those typically reached by such initiatives, with an emphasis on routes to accomplishing effective two-way reciprocal interactions between science and society. It will bring together academics and practitioners from a range of sectors to tackle questions about the cultural, philosophical and historical context of the sciences and science communication both with diverse audiences and communities in the UK and to link this to the broader global cultural context of these communities. This will include those working in history and philosophy of science, science communication, community cohesion, and media professionals. Alongside this professional networking activity, the teams will undertake focus group work with both UK and international groups of young people to gauge perceptions around community identity, including faith identities, in relation to recent scientific controversies, ongoing debates about perceived clashes between science and other cultural perspectives At its core, this project will ask: how can science communication learn from its past in order to be able to engage more sensitively and effectively with diverse communities that have hitherto barely been engaged by it, or indeed who have felt alienated from it? Studying the past development of scientific and science communication discourses, provide us with the opportunity for a combined approach across the humanities and sciences to tackle current and future controversies in public perceptions of such key areas as climate change, epigenetics and genomics, evolutionary theory, neurosciences and Artificial Intelligence, among others.In recent years in the UK, one particularly problematic feature of the relationship between 'science' and the world views of distinct communities, including faith communities, is the growing populist conception that science is inevitably atheistic. Similarly, in the international context, 'Western science' is sometimes categorized by multicultural critics at the extreme end of the spectrum as 'Christian Science' or in the case of the UK as 'imperialistic' in approach, methodology or worldview by those from diasporic heritages. What we can see here is clearly a congruence between the historical communication of science and the geographical routes by which key ideas in science have been disseminated. One key example is 'Darwinism': both historically and in a global context, the promotion and reception of this has been filtered through a range of different cultural, ideological and political lenses. This has had a major, and often not productive effect on the perception of evolutionary science and on related scientific research today. Thus the project looks in detail at how the past of science communication has lessons for enhanced reciprocal dialogue to create a new social contract between scientists and other audiences within UK culture.To address these concerns, the project will develop a network based on public focus group work with relevant 'hard-to-reach' community groups, drawing upon a UK based two-three day open innovation workshop with international and UK partners and participants. The overall result will be a comprehensive resport with recommendations on: 1. Potential future multidisciplinary research themes or draft project proposals2. Potential future knowledge transfer project recommendations or proposals with academics, policy influencers, media professionals and practitioners3. Potential pathways to impact for any future project